Proverbs 13:6

Authorized King James Version

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Righteousness keepeth him that is upright in the way: but wickedness overthroweth the sinner.

Original Language Analysis

צְ֭דָקָה Righteousness H6666
צְ֭דָקָה Righteousness
Strong's: H6666
Word #: 1 of 7
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
תִּצֹּ֣ר keepeth H5341
תִּצֹּ֣ר keepeth
Strong's: H5341
Word #: 2 of 7
to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.)
תָּם him that is upright H8537
תָּם him that is upright
Strong's: H8537
Word #: 3 of 7
completeness; figuratively, prosperity; usually (morally) innocence
דָּ֑רֶךְ in the way H1870
דָּ֑רֶךְ in the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 4 of 7
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
וְ֝רִשְׁעָ֗ה but wickedness H7564
וְ֝רִשְׁעָ֗ה but wickedness
Strong's: H7564
Word #: 5 of 7
wrong (especially moral)
תְּסַלֵּ֥ף overthroweth H5557
תְּסַלֵּ֥ף overthroweth
Strong's: H5557
Word #: 6 of 7
properly, to wrench, i.e., (figuratively) to subvert
חַטָּֽאת׃ the sinner H2403
חַטָּֽאת׃ the sinner
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 7 of 7
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb presents righteousness and wickedness as protective versus destructive forces. "Righteousness keepeth him that is upright in the way" shows virtue as guardian. Tsedaqah (צְדָקָה, righteousness) titsor (תִּצֹּר, guards, preserves, keeps) the one who is tom-darekh (תָּם־דָּרֶךְ, blameless of way, upright in path). Righteousness acts as protective barrier, keeping the upright person on the right path and shielding from danger.

"But wickedness overthroweth the sinner" reveals the self-destructive nature of evil. Rish'ah (רִשְׁעָה, wickedness) tesallef (תְּסַלֵּף, overthrows, perverts, subverts) the chatta'th (חַטָּאת, sinner, sin offering). Wickedness doesn't protect—it destroys. The sinner's own evil overthrows them like a city overthrown in judgment.

The proverb establishes moral physics: righteousness preserves, wickedness destroys. This isn't arbitrary divine preference but reflects reality's structure. God designed the universe so that virtue leads to flourishing and vice to ruin. Psalm 18:30 declares: "As for God, his way is perfect." Psalm 1 contrasts the righteous tree planted by water with wicked chaff blown away. Jesus taught that wise builders construct on rock, fools on sand (Matthew 7:24-27). Only Christ's imputed righteousness ultimately keeps believers—their own righteousness is filthy rags (Isaiah 64:6), but His perfect righteousness preserves eternally.

Historical Context

Ancient Israelites understood righteousness (tsedaqah) as covenant faithfulness—living according to God's commands. Such obedience brought divine protection, while wickedness brought judgment. Israel's history demonstrated this principle—righteousness preserved the nation, wickedness led to exile. The proverb applies both individually and corporately: righteous people and nations enjoy stability, wicked ones face overthrow.

Questions for Reflection

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