Proverbs 13:12

Authorized King James Version

Hope deferred maketh the heart sick: but when the desire cometh, it is a tree of life.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת
Hope
expectation
#2
מְ֭מֻשָּׁכָה
deferred
to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)
#3
מַחֲלָה
sick
properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to stroke (in flattering), entreat
#4
לֵ֑ב
maketh the heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#5
וְעֵ֥ץ
it is a tree
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
#6
חַ֝יִּ֗ים
of life
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#7
תַּאֲוָ֥ה
but when the desire
a longing; by implication, a delight (subjectively, satisfaction, objectively, a charm)
#8
בָאָֽה׃
cometh
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing life contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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