Numbers 31:23

Authorized King James Version

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Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make go through the water.

Original Language Analysis

כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּבָ֞ר Every thing H1697
דָּבָ֞ר Every thing
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 2 of 19
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יָבֹ֛א and all that abideth H935
יָבֹ֛א and all that abideth
Strong's: H935
Word #: 4 of 19
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire H784
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 5 of 19
fire (literally or figuratively)
תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ ye shall make go through H5674
תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ ye shall make go through
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 6 of 19
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire H784
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 7 of 19
fire (literally or figuratively)
וְטָהֵ֔ר and it shall be clean H2891
וְטָהֵ֔ר and it shall be clean
Strong's: H2891
Word #: 8 of 19
to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated; levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy)
אַ֕ךְ H389
אַ֕ךְ
Strong's: H389
Word #: 9 of 19
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
בַמָּֽיִם׃ the water H4325
בַמָּֽיִם׃ the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 10 of 19
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
נִדָּ֖ה of separation H5079
נִדָּ֖ה of separation
Strong's: H5079
Word #: 11 of 19
properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)
יִתְחַטָּ֑א nevertheless it shall be purified H2398
יִתְחַטָּ֑א nevertheless it shall be purified
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 12 of 19
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
וְכֹ֨ל H3605
וְכֹ֨ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 19
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 19
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָבֹ֛א and all that abideth H935
יָבֹ֛א and all that abideth
Strong's: H935
Word #: 16 of 19
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire H784
בָּאֵ֖שׁ not the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 17 of 19
fire (literally or figuratively)
תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ ye shall make go through H5674
תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ ye shall make go through
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 18 of 19
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
בַמָּֽיִם׃ the water H4325
בַמָּֽיִם׃ the water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 19 of 19
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

Analysis & Commentary

Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean—the principle: maximum purification for maximum resistance. Fire-resistant metals underwent fire purification, the strongest cleansing method. Yet even after fire, they still required water of separation (Hebrew mei niddah), the ritual water mixed with red heifer ashes (Numbers 19:9). Materials unable to withstand fire received water purification only.

This dual purification—fire and water—carries rich symbolism: fire represents judgment and testing (1 Corinthians 3:13, 1 Peter 1:7), while water represents Word-cleansing (Ephesians 5:26) and regeneration (Titus 3:5). Nothing enters God's presence without thorough purification. The most durable things endure strongest cleansing; weaker materials receive gentler treatment. God's sanctification is similarly tailored: strong believers face severe testing producing greater purity, while new believers receive gentler instruction. Both fire and water come from God's merciful provision.

Historical Context

The 'water of separation' (also 'water of purification' or 'water of impurity') was prepared from ashes of the red heifer sacrifice (Numbers 19:1-10) mixed with fresh water, hyssop, scarlet, and cedar. This mixture removed corpse contamination ritually. The requirement for both fire and water purification showed thoroughness—physical cleansing (fire removing organic matter) plus ritual cleansing (water of separation removing ceremonial defilement). The system prevented shortcuts: soldiers couldn't assume fire alone sufficed; God's prescribed methods required complete following. This anticipated Christ's superior cleansing: His blood and Spirit (water and blood, 1 John 5:6-8) provide complete purification.

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