Numbers 21:1

Authorized King James Version

And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע
heard
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#2
הַכְּנַֽעֲנִ֤י
the Canaanite
a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c
#3
מֶֽלֶךְ
And when king
a king
#4
עֲרָד֙
Arad
arad, the name of a canaanite and an israelite
#5
יֹשֵׁ֣ב
which dwelt
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#6
הַנֶּ֔גֶב
in the south
the south (from its drought); specifically, the negeb or southern district of judah, occasionally, egypt (as south to palestine)
#7
כִּ֚י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#8
בָּ֣א
came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#9
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
against Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#10
דֶּ֖רֶךְ
by the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#11
הָֽאֲתָרִ֑ים
of the spies
atharim, a place near palestine
#12
וַיִּלָּ֙חֶם֙
then he fought
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
#13
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
against Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#14
וַיִּ֥שְׁבְּ׀
and took
to transport into captivity
#15
מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#16
שֶֽׁבִי׃
some of them prisoners
exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty

Analysis

Within the broader context of Numbers, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Numbers.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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