Numbers 21:2

Authorized King James Version

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And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּדַּ֨ר vowed H5087
וַיִּדַּ֨ר vowed
Strong's: H5087
Word #: 1 of 15
to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל And Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל And Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 2 of 15
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
נֶ֛דֶר a vow H5088
נֶ֛דֶר a vow
Strong's: H5088
Word #: 3 of 15
a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised
לַֽיהוָ֖ה unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָ֖ה unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 4 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַיֹּאמַ֑ר and said H559
וַיֹּאמַ֑ר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 15
to say (used with great latitude)
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 6 of 15
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
תִּתֵּ֜ן If thou wilt indeed H5414
תִּתֵּ֜ן If thou wilt indeed
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 7 of 15
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
תִּתֵּ֜ן If thou wilt indeed H5414
תִּתֵּ֜ן If thou wilt indeed
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 15
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעָ֤ם this people H5971
הָעָ֤ם this people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 10 of 15
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הַזֶּה֙ H2088
הַזֶּה֙
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 11 of 15
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
בְּיָדִ֔י into my hand H3027
בְּיָדִ֔י into my hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 12 of 15
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וְהַֽחֲרַמְתִּ֖י then I will utterly destroy H2763
וְהַֽחֲרַמְתִּ֖י then I will utterly destroy
Strong's: H2763
Word #: 13 of 15
to seclude; specifically (by a ban) to devote to religious uses (especially destruction); physical and reflexive, to be blunt as to the nose
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עָֽרֵיהֶֽם׃ their cities H5892
עָֽרֵיהֶֽם׃ their cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 15 of 15
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Analysis & Commentary

Israel vowed, 'If thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities.' This vow of 'herem' (total devotion of spoils to God) demonstrated that they sought victory for God's glory, not personal gain. Proper vows subordinate human benefit to divine honor. God answered this prayer because it aligned with His purposes for Canaan.

Historical Context

The practice of 'herem' (complete destruction) would be commanded for Canaanite cities (Deuteronomy 7:2). Israel's voluntary vow here anticipated that later command. This practice, though harsh by modern standards, served to remove idolatrous influence and demonstrate that conquest served God's holiness, not Israel's greed.

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