Numbers 1:53

Authorized King James Version

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But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel: and the Levites shall keep the charge of the tabernacle of testimony.

Original Language Analysis

הַלְוִיִּ֔ם But the Levites H3881
הַלְוִיִּ֔ם But the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 1 of 18
a levite or descendant of levi
יַֽחֲנ֤וּ shall pitch H2583
יַֽחֲנ֤וּ shall pitch
Strong's: H2583
Word #: 2 of 18
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
סָבִיב֙ round about H5439
סָבִיב֙ round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 3 of 18
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle H4908
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle
Strong's: H4908
Word #: 4 of 18
a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the temple); specifically, the tabernacle (properly, its w
הָֽעֵדֽוּת׃ of testimony H5715
הָֽעֵדֽוּת׃ of testimony
Strong's: H5715
Word #: 5 of 18
testimony
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 6 of 18
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִהְיֶ֣ה H1961
יִהְיֶ֣ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 7 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
קֶ֔צֶף that there be no wrath H7110
קֶ֔צֶף that there be no wrath
Strong's: H7110
Word #: 8 of 18
a splinter (as chipped off)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
עֲדַ֖ת upon the congregation H5712
עֲדַ֖ת upon the congregation
Strong's: H5712
Word #: 10 of 18
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
בְּנֵ֣י of the children H1121
בְּנֵ֣י of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 12 of 18
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ shall keep H8104
וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ shall keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
הַלְוִיִּ֔ם But the Levites H3881
הַלְוִיִּ֔ם But the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 14 of 18
a levite or descendant of levi
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת the charge H4931
מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת the charge
Strong's: H4931
Word #: 16 of 18
watch, i.e., the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, i.e., (
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle H4908
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle
Strong's: H4908
Word #: 17 of 18
a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the temple); specifically, the tabernacle (properly, its w
הָֽעֵדֽוּת׃ of testimony H5715
הָֽעֵדֽוּת׃ of testimony
Strong's: H5715
Word #: 18 of 18
testimony

Cross References

Numbers 16:46And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun.1 Chronicles 23:32And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.Leviticus 10:6And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons, Uncover not your heads, neither rend your clothes; lest ye die, and lest wrath come upon all the people: but let your brethren, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which the LORD hath kindled.Numbers 8:19And I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and to his sons from among the children of Israel, to do the service of the children of Israel in the tabernacle of the congregation, and to make an atonement for the children of Israel: that there be no plague among the children of Israel, when the children of Israel come nigh unto the sanctuary.Numbers 31:30And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one portion of fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, of all manner of beasts, and give them unto the Levites, which keep the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD.Numbers 31:47Even of the children of Israel's half, Moses took one portion of fifty, both of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, which kept the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Analysis & Commentary

The Levites were to camp around the tabernacle 'that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel.' This verse reveals God's holiness requiring protection between His presence and the people. The tabernacle housed God's glory, and unauthorized approach brought death (Leviticus 10:1-2; 2 Samuel 6:6-7). The Levites served as a protective buffer, guarding the sanctuary and preventing others from trespassing. The phrase 'wrath upon the congregation' indicates corporate judgment for violating God's holiness. This demonstrates the principle that God's presence brings both blessing and danger—blessing for those who approach rightly, danger for those who treat holy things carelessly. The Levites' guardianship prefigures Christ our mediator who gives us access to God's presence. Reformed theology emphasizes that we approach God safely only through Christ's mediation, not our own efforts.

Historical Context

The Levites' special status stemmed from their consecration to God in place of Israel's firstborn (Numbers 3:11-13). Their encampment surrounded the tabernacle created a sacred zone separating God's dwelling from the people's tents. Ancient Near Eastern temples often had guarded precincts restricting access, but Israel's arrangement was unique in making an entire tribe responsible for sanctuary protection. The Levites received no territorial inheritance, living instead in cities distributed among other tribes (Numbers 35), but here they resided around the tabernacle during wilderness travels. The 'wrath' referenced recalls incidents like Korah's rebellion (Numbers 16) and Nadab and Abihu's death (Leviticus 10) where violating God's holiness brought judgment. The protective function continued when the tabernacle became stationary and eventually when Solomon's temple replaced it.

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