Numbers 31:30

Authorized King James Version

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And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one portion of fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, of all manner of beasts, and give them unto the Levites, which keep the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וּמִמַּֽחֲצִ֨ת half H4276
וּמִמַּֽחֲצִ֨ת half
Strong's: H4276
Word #: 1 of 25
a halving or the middle
בְּנֵֽי And of the children H1121
בְּנֵֽי And of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 2 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל of Israel's H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל of Israel's
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 3 of 25
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
תִּקַּ֣ח׀ thou shalt take H3947
תִּקַּ֣ח׀ thou shalt take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 4 of 25
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶחָ֣ד׀ one H259
אֶחָ֣ד׀ one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 5 of 25
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
אָחֻ֣ז portion H270
אָחֻ֣ז portion
Strong's: H270
Word #: 6 of 25
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 7 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים of fifty H2572
הַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים of fifty
Strong's: H2572
Word #: 8 of 25
fifty
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 9 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָֽאָדָ֧ם of the persons H120
הָֽאָדָ֧ם of the persons
Strong's: H120
Word #: 10 of 25
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 11 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַבָּקָ֛ר of the beeves H1241
הַבָּקָ֛ר of the beeves
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 12 of 25
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 13 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַֽחֲמֹרִ֥ים of the asses H2543
הַֽחֲמֹרִ֥ים of the asses
Strong's: H2543
Word #: 14 of 25
a male ass (from its dun red)
וּמִן H4480
וּמִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 15 of 25
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַצֹּ֖אן and of the flocks H6629
הַצֹּ֖אן and of the flocks
Strong's: H6629
Word #: 16 of 25
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מִכָּל H3605
מִכָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 17 of 25
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה of all manner of beasts H929
הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה of all manner of beasts
Strong's: H929
Word #: 18 of 25
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
וְנָֽתַתָּ֤ה and give H5414
וְנָֽתַתָּ֤ה and give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 19 of 25
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
אֹתָם֙ H853
אֹתָם֙
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לַלְוִיִּ֔ם them unto the Levites H3881
לַלְוִיִּ֔ם them unto the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 21 of 25
a levite or descendant of levi
שֹֽׁמְרֵ֕י which keep H8104
שֹֽׁמְרֵ֕י which keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 22 of 25
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת the charge H4931
מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת the charge
Strong's: H4931
Word #: 23 of 25
watch, i.e., the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, i.e., (
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle H4908
מִשְׁכַּ֥ן of the tabernacle
Strong's: H4908
Word #: 24 of 25
a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the temple); specifically, the tabernacle (properly, its w
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 25 of 25
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

And of the children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one portion of fifty—The non-combatant majority (congregation) gives 1/50 to the Levites who assist priests but don't perform high priestly duties. This tenfold higher rate (compared to soldiers' 1/500) reflects their non-risk status and larger numbers.

Give them unto the Levites, which keep the charge of the tabernacle—The Levites (shomer mishmeret, keep the charge/watch) maintain sacred space, transport Tabernacle components, assist sacrifices. Numbers 18:21-24 establishes their livelihood through Israel's tithes. This spoils distribution supplements regular tithes, acknowledging their essential ministry supporting national worship.

Historical Context

The Levites numbered 23,000 males (Numbers 26:62), significant population requiring support. 'Keeping the charge' involved guarding Tabernacle sanctity, preventing unauthorized access (which brought death, Numbers 18:7), and performing ritual duties. This wasn't leisurely work but demanding sacred responsibility.

Questions for Reflection

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