Nehemiah 9:17

Authorized King James Version

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And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְמָֽאֲנ֣וּ And refused H3985
וַיְמָֽאֲנ֣וּ And refused
Strong's: H3985
Word #: 1 of 27
to refuse
לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ to obey H8085
לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ to obey
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 2 of 27
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 27
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
זָכְר֤וּ neither were mindful H2142
זָכְר֤וּ neither were mindful
Strong's: H2142
Word #: 4 of 27
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ of thy wonders H6381
נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ of thy wonders
Strong's: H6381
Word #: 5 of 27
properly, perhaps to separate, i.e., distinguish (literally or figuratively); by implication, to be (causatively, make) great, difficult, wonderful
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשִׂ֣יתָ that thou didst H6213
עָשִׂ֣יתָ that thou didst
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 7 of 27
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
עִמָּהֶ֔ם H5973
עִמָּהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 8 of 27
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ among them but hardened H7185
וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ among them but hardened
Strong's: H7185
Word #: 9 of 27
properly, to be dense, i.e., tough or severe (in various applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עָרְפָּ֔ם their necks H6203
עָרְפָּ֔ם their necks
Strong's: H6203
Word #: 11 of 27
the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)
וַיִּתְּנוּ appointed H5414
וַיִּתְּנוּ appointed
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 12 of 27
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
רֹ֛אשׁ a captain H7218
רֹ֛אשׁ a captain
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 13 of 27
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
לָשׁ֥וּב to return H7725
לָשׁ֥וּב to return
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 14 of 27
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם to their bondage H5659
לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם to their bondage
Strong's: H5659
Word #: 15 of 27
servitude
בְּמִרְיָ֑ם and in their rebellion H4805
בְּמִרְיָ֑ם and in their rebellion
Strong's: H4805
Word #: 16 of 27
bitterness, i.e., (figuratively) rebellion; concretely, bitter, or rebellious
וְאַתָּה֩ H859
וְאַתָּה֩
Strong's: H859
Word #: 17 of 27
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
אֱל֨וֹהַּ but thou art a God H433
אֱל֨וֹהַּ but thou art a God
Strong's: H433
Word #: 18 of 27
a deity or the deity
סְלִיח֜וֹת ready to pardon H5547
סְלִיח֜וֹת ready to pardon
Strong's: H5547
Word #: 19 of 27
pardon
חַנּ֧וּן gracious H2587
חַנּ֧וּן gracious
Strong's: H2587
Word #: 20 of 27
gracious
וְרַח֛וּם and merciful H7349
וְרַח֛וּם and merciful
Strong's: H7349
Word #: 21 of 27
compassionate
אֶֽרֶךְ slow H750
אֶֽרֶךְ slow
Strong's: H750
Word #: 22 of 27
long
אַפַּ֥יִם to anger H639
אַפַּ֥יִם to anger
Strong's: H639
Word #: 23 of 27
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
וְרַב and of great H7227
וְרַב and of great
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 24 of 27
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
וחֶ֖סֶד kindness H2617
וחֶ֖סֶד kindness
Strong's: H2617
Word #: 25 of 27
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 26 of 27
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃ and forsookest H5800
עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃ and forsookest
Strong's: H5800
Word #: 27 of 27
to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc

Analysis & Commentary

And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.

This verse within Nehemiah 9 addresses themes of confession, God's faithfulness, corporate prayer, covenant history. Extended corporate prayer recounts God's faithfulness through Israel's history while honestly confessing persistent covenant violations. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The spiritual reforms under Ezra and Nehemiah shaped Judaism for centuries, establishing Scripture's centrality and patterns of worship continuing into the intertestamental period and beyond. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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