Matthew 6:16

Authorized King James Version

Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ὅταν
when
whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as
#2
δὲ
Moreover
but, and, etc
#3
νηστεύοντες·
to fast
to abstain from food (religiously)
#4
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#5
γίνεσθε
be
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
#6
ὥσπερ
as
just as, i.e., exactly like
#7
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ὑποκριταὶ
the hypocrites
an actor under an assumed character (stage-player), i.e., (figuratively) a dissembler ("hypocrite"
#9
σκυθρωποί
of a sad countenance
angry-visaged, i.e., gloomy or affecting a mournful appearance
#10
ἀφανίζουσιν
they disfigure
to render unapparent, i.e., (actively) consume (becloud), or (passively) disappear (be destroyed)
#11
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#12
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
πρόσωπα
faces
the front (as being towards view), i.e., the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person
#14
αὐτῶν
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#15
ὅπως
that
what(-ever) how, i.e., in the manner that (as adverb or conjunction of coincidence, intentional or actual)
#16
φανῶσιν
they may appear
to lighten (shine), i.e., show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)
#17
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἀνθρώποις
unto men
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#19
νηστεύοντες·
to fast
to abstain from food (religiously)
#20
ἀμὴν
Verily
properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)
#21
λέγω
I say
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#22
ὑμῖν
unto you
to (with or by) you
#23
ὅτι
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#24
ἀπέχουσιν
They have
(actively) to have out, i.e., receive in full; (intransitively) to keep (oneself) away, i.e., be distant (literally or figuratively)
#25
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
μισθὸν
reward
pay for service (literally or figuratively), good or bad
#27
αὐτῶν
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

Within the broader context of Matthew, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Matthew.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Jewish biographical literature presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Scripture shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Matthew Understanding a worldview expecting divine intervention through a promised Messiah helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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