Matthew 20:19

Authorized King James Version

And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
G2532
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
παραδώσουσιν
G3860
shall deliver
to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit
#3
αὐτὸν
G846
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
τοῖς
G3588
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἔθνεσιν
G1484
to the Gentiles
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)
#6
εἰς
G1519
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#7
τὸ
G3588
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἐμπαῖξαι
G1702
mock
to jeer at, i.e., deride
#9
καὶ
G2532
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
μαστιγῶσαι
G3146
to scourge
to flog (literally or figuratively)
#11
καὶ
G2532
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
σταυρῶσαι
G4717
to crucify
to impale on the cross; figuratively, to extinguish (subdue) passion or selfishness
#13
καὶ
G2532
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
τῇ
G3588
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
τρίτῃ
G5154
the third
third; neuter (as noun) a third part, or (as adverb) a (or the) third time, thirdly
#16
ἡμέρᾳ
G2250
day
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#17
ἀναστήσεται
G450
he shall rise again
to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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