Matthew 20:1

Authorized King James Version

For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ὁμοία
like
similar (in appearance or character)
#2
γάρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
βασιλεία
the kingdom
properly, royalty, i.e., (abstractly) rule, or (concretely) a realm (literally or figuratively)
#6
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
οὐρανῶν
of heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#8
ἀνθρώπῳ
unto a man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#9
οἰκοδεσπότῃ
that is an householder
the head of a family
#10
ὅστις
which
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
#11
ἐξῆλθεν
went out
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#12
ἅμα
early in the morning
properly, at the "same" time, but freely used as a preposition or adverb denoting close association
#13
πρωῒ
at dawn; by implication, the day-break watch
#14
μισθώσασθαι
to hire
to let out for wages, i.e., (middle voice) to hire
#15
ἐργάτας
labourers
a toiler; figuratively, a teacher
#16
εἰς
into
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#17
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἀμπελῶνα
vineyard
a vineyard
#19
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the kingdom of God theme central to Matthew. The concept of kingdom reflects the development of kingdom of God within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to gospel presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish Messianic hope, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on kingdom of God particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show imperial and royal imagery familiar to subjects of ancient monarchies, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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