Matthew 19:8

Authorized King James Version

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He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.

Original Language Analysis

λέγει He saith G3004
λέγει He saith
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 1 of 20
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτοῖς unto them G846
αὐτοῖς unto them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 2 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ὅτι G3754
ὅτι
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 3 of 20
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
Μωσῆς Moses G3475
Μωσῆς Moses
Strong's: G3475
Word #: 4 of 20
moseus, moses, or mouses (i.e., mosheh), the hebrew lawgiver
πρὸς because of G4314
πρὸς because of
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 5 of 20
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σκληροκαρδίαν hearts G4641
σκληροκαρδίαν hearts
Strong's: G4641
Word #: 7 of 20
hard-heartedness, i.e., (specially), destitution of (spiritual) perception
ὑμῶν of your G5216
ὑμῶν of your
Strong's: G5216
Word #: 8 of 20
of (from or concerning) you
ἐπέτρεψεν suffered G2010
ἐπέτρεψεν suffered
Strong's: G2010
Word #: 9 of 20
to turn over (transfer), i.e., allow
ὑμῖν you G5213
ὑμῖν you
Strong's: G5213
Word #: 10 of 20
to (with or by) you
ἀπολῦσαι to put away G630
ἀπολῦσαι to put away
Strong's: G630
Word #: 11 of 20
to free fully, i.e., (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or (figuratively) let die, pardon or (specially) divorce
τὰς G3588
τὰς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γυναῖκας wives G1135
γυναῖκας wives
Strong's: G1135
Word #: 13 of 20
a woman; specially, a wife
ὑμῶν of your G5216
ὑμῶν of your
Strong's: G5216
Word #: 14 of 20
of (from or concerning) you
ἀπ' from G575
ἀπ' from
Strong's: G575
Word #: 15 of 20
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
ἀρχῆς the beginning G746
ἀρχῆς the beginning
Strong's: G746
Word #: 16 of 20
(properly abstract) a commencement, or (concretely) chief (in various applications of order, time, place, or rank)
δὲ but G1161
δὲ but
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 17 of 20
but, and, etc
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 18 of 20
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
γέγονεν it was G1096
γέγονεν it was
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 19 of 20
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
οὕτως so G3779
οὕτως so
Strong's: G3779
Word #: 20 of 20
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus explains that Moses permitted divorce 'because of the hardness of your hearts,' but 'from the beginning it was not so.' Divorce represents concession to sin, not God's ideal. The phrase 'hardness of hearts' (Greek 'sklerokardia'—hardness, stubbornness) indicates sinful rebellion requiring legal regulation. Reformed theology distinguishes God's perfect will (permanent marriage) from His permissive will (allowing divorce in fallen world). This verse shows that not every biblical permission reflects God's best but sometimes His accommodation to human sin.

Historical Context

Deuteronomy 24:1-4 regulated divorce but didn't command it. Mosaic Law protected women from arbitrary divorce by requiring written certificate and preventing remarriage to first husband after intervening marriage. Jesus clarifies this was regulatory, not prescriptive—managing sin's consequences, not endorsing divorce. 'From the beginning' appeals to pre-fall creation as normative standard.

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