Matthew 12:38

Authorized King James Version

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Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.

Original Language Analysis

Τότε Then G5119
Τότε Then
Strong's: G5119
Word #: 1 of 14
the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)
ἀπεκρίθησαν answered G611
ἀπεκρίθησαν answered
Strong's: G611
Word #: 2 of 14
to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)
τινες certain G5100
τινες certain
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 3 of 14
some or any person or object
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 14
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γραμματέων of the scribes G1122
γραμματέων of the scribes
Strong's: G1122
Word #: 5 of 14
a professional writer
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 6 of 14
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Φαρισαίων of the Pharisees G5330
Φαρισαίων of the Pharisees
Strong's: G5330
Word #: 7 of 14
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
λέγοντες saying G3004
λέγοντες saying
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 8 of 14
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
Διδάσκαλε Master G1320
Διδάσκαλε Master
Strong's: G1320
Word #: 9 of 14
an instructor (genitive case or specially)
θέλομεν we would G2309
θέλομεν we would
Strong's: G2309
Word #: 10 of 14
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
ἀπὸ from G575
ἀπὸ from
Strong's: G575
Word #: 11 of 14
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
σοῦ thee G4675
σοῦ thee
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 12 of 14
of thee, thy
σημεῖον a sign G4592
σημεῖον a sign
Strong's: G4592
Word #: 13 of 14
an indication, especially ceremonially or supernaturally
ἰδεῖν see G1492
ἰδεῖν see
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 14 of 14
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

Analysis & Commentary

'Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.' Despite witnessing countless miracles, scribes and Pharisees demand 'a sign' (σημεῖον/sēmeion)—validating miracle. The word 'Master' (Διδάσκαλε/Didaskale, teacher) feigns respect while hearts remain hostile. Reformed theology recognizes this pattern: unbelief demands more evidence while rejecting already-given evidence. They'd witnessed healings, exorcisms, nature miracles—yet want additional sign. This demonstrates problem isn't insufficient evidence but hardened hearts. Jesus's response (v.39-40) rebukes them: only sign they'll receive is Jonah's sign (death and resurrection). The request reveals several errors:

  1. Demanding God prove Himself on their terms
  2. Ignoring already-given evidence
  3. Assuming more evidence would produce faith when hearts are hardened.

The pattern continues: skeptics demand proof while dismissing existing evidence. Faith doesn't come from irrefutable proof but from humble receptivity to available evidence.

Historical Context

Scribes and Pharisees represented religious establishment—trained in Torah, respected as authorities. Their demand for sign echoes Israel's wilderness pattern: despite witnessing plagues, Red Sea crossing, manna, cloud/fire, they repeatedly demanded signs (Exodus 17:2-7, Numbers 14:11, 22). Jesus had already performed numerous miracles throughout Galilee: healings, exorcisms, feeding multitudes, nature miracles. Yet they wanted different kind of sign—perhaps celestial phenomenon (Joshua's long day, Hezekiah's sundial reversal) or unmistakable divine voice. Their demand was both unbelieving (rejecting existing evidence) and presumptuous (dictating terms to God). Similar pattern appears in John 6:30: after feeding 5000, crowd asks 'What sign showest thou?' Jesus identifies this as evil generation (v.39)—characterizing entire attitude as wicked. Early church faced similar demands: pagans wanted spectacular proof; gnostics demanded special knowledge. But gospel centers on cross and resurrection—offensive to human pride, requiring humble faith. Throughout history, apologetics provides reasons for faith, but no amount of evidence compels belief without Spirit's work.

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