Mark 4:6

Authorized King James Version

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But when the sun was up, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away.

Original Language Analysis

ἡλίου the sun G2246
ἡλίου the sun
Strong's: G2246
Word #: 1 of 11
the sun; by implication, light
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 11
but, and, etc
ἀνατείλαντος was up G393
ἀνατείλαντος was up
Strong's: G393
Word #: 3 of 11
to (cause to) arise
ἐκαυματίσθη it was scorched G2739
ἐκαυματίσθη it was scorched
Strong's: G2739
Word #: 4 of 11
to burn
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 11
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
διὰ because G1223
διὰ because
Strong's: G1223
Word #: 6 of 11
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μὴ no G3361
μὴ no
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 8 of 11
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἔχειν it had G2192
ἔχειν it had
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 9 of 11
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
ῥίζαν root G4491
ῥίζαν root
Strong's: G4491
Word #: 10 of 11
a "root" (literally or figuratively)
ἐξηράνθη it withered away G3583
ἐξηράνθη it withered away
Strong's: G3583
Word #: 11 of 11
to desiccate; by implication, to shrivel, to mature

Analysis & Commentary

The seed in shallow soil 'when the sun was up, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away.' The sun—normally beneficial for growth—becomes destructive when roots are inadequate. Scorching (κατεκαύθη, katekauthe) and withering (ἐξηράνθη, exēranthē) indicate complete destruction. The causal phrase 'because it had no root' explains failure: insufficient foundation couldn't sustain initial growth. Jesus later explains this represents those who receive the word with gladness but have no root inwardly; when tribulation or persecution arises, they immediately fall away (Mark 4:16-17). Adversity reveals rootless profession's emptiness.

Historical Context

Middle Eastern sun's intensity could quickly wither plants lacking deep roots. Summer temperatures in Palestine reached 100°F+, with minimal rainfall from May-October. Only deep-rooted plants survived. The agricultural reality became spiritual metaphor: trials and persecution test profession's genuineness. Early Christians understood this—many faced family rejection, social ostracism, economic loss, and martyrdom. Some withered under pressure, proving rootless profession. Church history repeats this pattern: persecution reveals genuine versus nominal faith.

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