Luke 7:39

Authorized King James Version

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Now when the Pharisee which had bidden him saw it, he spake within himself, saying, This man, if he were a prophet, would have known who and what manner of woman this is that toucheth him: for she is a sinner.

Original Language Analysis

ἰδὼν saw G1492
ἰδὼν saw
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 1 of 28
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
δὲ Now G1161
δὲ Now
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 28
but, and, etc
which G3588
which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Φαρισαῖος when the Pharisee G5330
Φαρισαῖος when the Pharisee
Strong's: G5330
Word #: 4 of 28
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
which G3588
which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
καλέσας had bidden G2564
καλέσας had bidden
Strong's: G2564
Word #: 6 of 28
to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)
αὐτοῦ him G846
αὐτοῦ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 28
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
εἶπεν it he spake G2036
εἶπεν it he spake
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 8 of 28
to speak or say (by word or writing)
ἐν within G1722
ἐν within
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 9 of 28
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ἑαυτῷ himself G1438
ἑαυτῷ himself
Strong's: G1438
Word #: 10 of 28
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
λέγων, saying G3004
λέγων, saying
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 11 of 28
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
Οὗτος This man G3778
Οὗτος This man
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 12 of 28
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
εἰ if G1487
εἰ if
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 13 of 28
if, whether, that, etc
ἦν he were G2258
ἦν he were
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 14 of 28
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
προφήτης a prophet G4396
προφήτης a prophet
Strong's: G4396
Word #: 15 of 28
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
ἐγίνωσκεν would have known G1097
ἐγίνωσκεν would have known
Strong's: G1097
Word #: 16 of 28
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
ἂν G302
ἂν
Strong's: G302
Word #: 17 of 28
whatsoever
τίς who G5101
τίς who
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 18 of 28
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 19 of 28
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ποταπὴ what manner G4217
ποταπὴ what manner
Strong's: G4217
Word #: 20 of 28
interrogatively, whatever, i.e., of what possible sort
which G3588
which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 21 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γυνὴ of woman G1135
γυνὴ of woman
Strong's: G1135
Word #: 22 of 28
a woman; specially, a wife
ἥτις this is that G3748
ἥτις this is that
Strong's: G3748
Word #: 23 of 28
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
ἅπτεται toucheth G680
ἅπτεται toucheth
Strong's: G680
Word #: 24 of 28
properly, to attach oneself to, i.e., to touch (in many implied relations)
αὐτοῦ him G846
αὐτοῦ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 25 of 28
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ὅτι for G3754
ὅτι for
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 26 of 28
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἁμαρτωλός a sinner G268
ἁμαρτωλός a sinner
Strong's: G268
Word #: 27 of 28
sinful, i.e., a sinner
ἐστιν she is G2076
ἐστιν she is
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 28 of 28
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Analysis & Commentary

The Pharisee's internal response: 'Now when the Pharisee which had bidden him saw it, he spake within himself, saying, This man, if he were a prophet, would have known who and what manner of woman this is that toucheth him: for she is a sinner' (Greek 'ei ē houtos prophētēs, eginōsken an tis kai potapē hē gunē hētis haptetai autou, hoti hamartōlos estin'). The Pharisee's reasoning: true prophets would recognize sinners and avoid defilement. His unspoken conclusion: Jesus is either ignorant or indifferent, disqualifying Him as prophet. The irony—Jesus knows precisely who she is and demonstrates divine authority to forgive sins. The Pharisee's categories (clean/unclean, righteous/sinner) prevented him from seeing redemption and transformation. Reformed theology recognizes that self-righteousness blinds more effectively than notorious sin. The Pharisee's confidence in his own purity prevented him from recognizing his need for the forgiveness the woman sought.

Historical Context

Pharisaic purity laws avoided contact with sinners to maintain ritual cleanness. Touch from 'unclean' person defiled for remainder of day. The Pharisee expected Jesus to recoil from the woman's touch if He were truly a prophet. Prophets like Isaiah received divine knowledge; surely Jesus would know her reputation. The Pharisee's unstated conclusion—Jesus lacks prophetic insight. Yet Jesus demonstrates superior knowledge—He knows the woman's sin, the Pharisee's thoughts, and has authority to forgive. Early church faced similar accusations—associating with sinners supposedly invalidated Christian claims. Yet gospel power appears precisely in transformation of sinners, not avoidance of them.

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