Luke 1:79

Authorized King James Version

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To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

Original Language Analysis

ἐπιφᾶναι To give light G2014
ἐπιφᾶναι To give light
Strong's: G2014
Word #: 1 of 16
to shine upon, i.e., become (literally) visible or (figuratively) known
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 2 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 3 of 16
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
σκότει darkness G4655
σκότει darkness
Strong's: G4655
Word #: 4 of 16
shadiness, i.e., obscurity (literally or figuratively)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
σκιᾷ in the shadow G4639
σκιᾷ in the shadow
Strong's: G4639
Word #: 6 of 16
"shade" or a shadow (literally or figuratively (darkness of error or an adumbration))
θανάτου of death G2288
θανάτου of death
Strong's: G2288
Word #: 7 of 16
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
καθημένοις to them that sit G2521
καθημένοις to them that sit
Strong's: G2521
Word #: 8 of 16
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 9 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κατευθῦναι to guide G2720
κατευθῦναι to guide
Strong's: G2720
Word #: 10 of 16
to straighten fully, i.e., (figuratively) direct
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πόδας feet G4228
πόδας feet
Strong's: G4228
Word #: 12 of 16
a "foot" (figuratively or literally)
ἡμῶν our G2257
ἡμῶν our
Strong's: G2257
Word #: 13 of 16
of (or from) us
εἰς into G1519
εἰς into
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 14 of 16
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
ὁδὸν the way G3598
ὁδὸν the way
Strong's: G3598
Word #: 15 of 16
a road; by implication, a progress (the route, act or distance); figuratively, a mode or means
εἰρήνης of peace G1515
εἰρήνης of peace
Strong's: G1515
Word #: 16 of 16
peace (literally or figuratively); by implication, prosperity

Analysis & Commentary

Zechariah prophesies that Messiah will give 'light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.' The imagery combines Isaiah 9:2 (light to those in darkness) with Psalm 107:10-14 (shadow of death). Darkness represents sin, ignorance, and spiritual death; light represents revelation, truth, and life. The 'shadow of death' (Greek 'skia thanatou,' σκιᾷ θανάτου) depicts humanity's desperate condition—not merely walking in darkness but sitting in death's shadow, helpless and hopeless. Christ's coming brings light that reveals truth, dispels darkness, and guides into peace (reconciliation with God).

Historical Context

This prophecy comes at the end of Zechariah's Benedictus (Luke 1:68-79), spoken when John was named and Zechariah's speech restored. The imagery would resonate deeply with first-century Jews suffering under Roman occupation—darkness and death's shadow were lived realities. However, Zechariah identifies spiritual darkness as humanity's deeper problem, needing divine light for rescue. Isaiah's prophecies of light coming to those in darkness (Isaiah 9:2, 42:6-7, 60:1-3) were understood as messianic promises. Jesus later identifies Himself as 'the light of the world' (John 8:12, 9:5), fulfilling this prophecy.

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