Leviticus 22:14

Authorized King James Version

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And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִ֕ישׁ And if a man H376
וְאִ֕ישׁ And if a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 1 of 12
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 2 of 12
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יֹאכַ֥ל eat H398
יֹאכַ֥ל eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 3 of 12
to eat (literally or figuratively)
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ of the holy thing H6944
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ of the holy thing
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 4 of 12
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה unwittingly H7684
בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה unwittingly
Strong's: H7684
Word #: 5 of 12
a mistake or inadvertent transgression
וְיָסַ֤ף then he shall put H3254
וְיָסַ֤ף then he shall put
Strong's: H3254
Word #: 6 of 12
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ the fifth H2549
חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ the fifth
Strong's: H2549
Word #: 7 of 12
fifth; also a fifth
עָלָ֔יו H5921
עָלָ֔יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 12
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְנָתַ֥ן part thereof unto it and shall give H5414
וְנָתַ֥ן part thereof unto it and shall give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 9 of 12
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לַכֹּהֵ֖ן it unto the priest H3548
לַכֹּהֵ֖ן it unto the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 10 of 12
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 11 of 12
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ of the holy thing H6944
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ of the holy thing
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 12 of 12
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity

Analysis & Commentary

And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing.

This verse falls within the section on Acceptable Sacrifices. Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality.

The central theme of Leviticus is God's holiness and the call for His people to be holy. The Hebrew word qadosh (קָדוֹשׁ) means 'set apart' or 'sacred,' emphasizing both separation from sin and consecration to God's purposes. The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek.
The holiness demanded in Leviticus becomes possible through Christ, who both satisfies God's righteous requirements and transforms believers by His Spirit.

Historical Context

Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient texts like the Code of Hammurabi show that law codes were common in the ancient Near East, but biblical law uniquely grounded ethics in God's character rather than merely social convention.

Questions for Reflection

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