Leviticus 22:13

Authorized King James Version

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But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

Original Language Analysis

וּבַת daughter H1323
וּבַת daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 1 of 22
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
כֹּהֵן֩ But if the priest's H3548
כֹּהֵן֩ But if the priest's
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 2 of 22
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
כִּ֨י H3588
כִּ֨י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 22
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
תִֽהְיֶ֜ה H1961
תִֽהְיֶ֜ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 4 of 22
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אַלְמָנָ֣ה be a widow H490
אַלְמָנָ֣ה be a widow
Strong's: H490
Word #: 5 of 22
a widow; also a desolate place
וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה or divorced H1644
וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה or divorced
Strong's: H1644
Word #: 6 of 22
to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce
וְזֶרַע֮ and have no child H2233
וְזֶרַע֮ and have no child
Strong's: H2233
Word #: 7 of 22
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
אֵ֣ין H369
אֵ֣ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 8 of 22
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
לָהּ֒ H0
לָהּ֒
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 22
וְשָׁבָ֞ה and is returned H7725
וְשָׁבָ֞ה and is returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 10 of 22
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּ֤ית house H1004
בֵּ֤ית house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 12 of 22
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אָבִ֖יהָ of her father's H1
אָבִ֖יהָ of her father's
Strong's: H1
Word #: 13 of 22
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ as in her youth H5271
כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ as in her youth
Strong's: H5271
Word #: 14 of 22
(only in plural collective or emphatic form) youth, the state (juvenility) or the persons (young people)
מִלֶּ֥חֶם meat H3899
מִלֶּ֥חֶם meat
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 15 of 22
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
אָבִ֖יהָ of her father's H1
אָבִ֖יהָ of her father's
Strong's: H1
Word #: 16 of 22
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
יֹ֥אכַל eat H398
יֹ֥אכַל eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 17 of 22
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 18 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
זָ֖ר but there shall no stranger H2114
זָ֖ר but there shall no stranger
Strong's: H2114
Word #: 19 of 22
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 20 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יֹ֥אכַל eat H398
יֹ֥אכַל eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 21 of 22
to eat (literally or figuratively)
בּֽוֹ׃ H0
בּֽוֹ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 22 of 22

Analysis & Commentary

But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

This verse falls within the section on Acceptable Sacrifices. Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. The Israelite dietary laws in Leviticus 11 have no exact parallel in surrounding cultures, though some ancient cultures had food taboos, suggesting unique revelation rather than borrowed customs.

Questions for Reflection

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