Leviticus 22:12

Authorized King James Version

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If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.

Original Language Analysis

וּבַת daughter H1323
וּבַת daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 1 of 11
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
כֹּהֵ֔ן If the priest's H3548
כֹּהֵ֔ן If the priest's
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 2 of 11
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 11
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
תִֽהְיֶ֖ה H1961
תִֽהְיֶ֖ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 4 of 11
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לְאִ֣ישׁ also be married unto a stranger H376
לְאִ֣ישׁ also be married unto a stranger
Strong's: H376
Word #: 5 of 11
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
זָ֑ר H2114
זָ֑ר
Strong's: H2114
Word #: 6 of 11
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
הִ֕וא H1931
הִ֕וא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 7 of 11
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת of an offering H8641
בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת of an offering
Strong's: H8641
Word #: 8 of 11
a present (as offered up), especially in sacrifice or as tribute
הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים of the holy things H6944
הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים of the holy things
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 9 of 11
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 10 of 11
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תֹאכֵֽל׃ she may not eat H398
תֹאכֵֽל׃ she may not eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 11 of 11
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.

This verse falls within the section on Acceptable Sacrifices. Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality.

The central theme of Leviticus is God's holiness and the call for His people to be holy. The Hebrew word qadosh (קָדוֹשׁ) means 'set apart' or 'sacred,' emphasizing both separation from sin and consecration to God's purposes. The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek. The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient texts like the Code of Hammurabi show that law codes were common in the ancient Near East, but biblical law uniquely grounded ethics in God's character rather than merely social convention.

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