Leviticus 16:13

Authorized King James Version

And he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְנָתַ֧ן
And he shall put
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#2
אֶֽת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
הַקְּטֹ֗רֶת
of the incense
a fumigation
#4
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
הָאֵ֖שׁ
upon the fire
fire (literally or figuratively)
#6
לִפְנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#7
יְהוָ֑ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#8
וְכִסָּ֣ה׀
may cover
properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
#9
עֲנַ֣ן
that the cloud
a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e., the nimbus or thunder-cloud
#10
הַקְּטֹ֗רֶת
of the incense
a fumigation
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת
the mercy seat
a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)
#13
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#14
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#15
הָֽעֵד֖וּת
that is upon the testimony
testimony
#16
וְלֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#17
יָמֽוּת׃
that he die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Leviticus. The concept of mercy reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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