Jonah 4:11

Authorized King James Version

And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַֽאֲנִי֙
i
#2
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#3
אָח֔וּס
And should not I spare
properly, to cover, i.e., (figuratively) to compassionate
#4
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
נִינְוֵ֖ה
Nineveh
nineveh, the capital of assyria
#6
הָעִ֣יר
city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#7
הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה
that great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#8
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
יֶשׁ
wherein are
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
#10
בָּ֡הּ
H0
#11
הַרְבֵּה֩
more
to increase (in whatever respect)
#12
מִֽשְׁתֵּים
than sixscore
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#13
עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#14
רִבּ֜וֹ
thousand
a myriad, i.e., indefinitely, large number
#15
אָדָ֗ם
persons
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#16
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#17
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#18
יָדַע֙
that cannot discern
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#19
בֵּין
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#20
יְמִינ֣וֹ
between their right hand
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
#21
לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ
and their left hand
properly, dark (as enveloped), i.e., the north; hence (by orientation), the left hand
#22
וּבְהֵמָ֖ה
cattle
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
#23
רַבָּֽה׃
and also much
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Jonah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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