Jonah 4:10

Authorized King James Version

Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
Then said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יְהוָ֔ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אַתָּ֥ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#4
חַ֙סְתָּ֙
Thou hast had pity
properly, to cover, i.e., (figuratively) to compassionate
#5
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹן
on the gourd
the gourd (as nauseous)
#7
אֲשֶׁ֛ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#8
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
עָמַ֥לְתָּ
for the which thou hast not laboured
to toil, i.e., work severely and with irksomeness
#10
בּ֖וֹ
H0
#11
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹ
neither madest it grow
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
#13
וּבִן
in a night
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#14
לַ֥יְלָה
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
#15
הָיָ֖ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#16
וּבִן
in a night
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#17
לַ֥יְלָה
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
#18
אָבָֽד׃
H6
and perished
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People