John 9:34

Authorized King James Version

They answered and said unto him, Thou wast altogether born in sins, and dost thou teach us? And they cast him out.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀπεκρίθησαν
They answered
to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)
#2
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#3
εἶπον
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#4
αὐτὸν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#5
Ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#6
ἁμαρτίαις
sins
a sin (properly abstract)
#7
σὺ
Thou
thou
#8
ἐγεννήθης
born
to procreate (properly, of the father, but by extension of the mother); figuratively, to regenerate
#9
ὅλος
altogether
"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb
#10
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
σὺ
Thou
thou
#12
διδάσκεις
teach
to teach (in the same broad application)
#13
ἡμᾶς
us
us
#14
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
ἐξέβαλον
they cast
to eject (literally or figuratively)
#16
αὐτὸν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#17
ἔξω
out
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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