John 8:52

Authorized King James Version

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Then said the Jews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste of death.

Original Language Analysis

εἶπον said G2036
εἶπον said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 1 of 31
to speak or say (by word or writing)
οὖν Then G3767
οὖν Then
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 2 of 31
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
αὐτῷ unto him G846
αὐτῷ unto him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 31
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 31
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Ἰουδαῖοι the Jews G2453
Ἰουδαῖοι the Jews
Strong's: G2453
Word #: 5 of 31
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
Νῦν Now G3568
Νῦν Now
Strong's: G3568
Word #: 6 of 31
"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate
ἐγνώκαμεν we know G1097
ἐγνώκαμεν we know
Strong's: G1097
Word #: 7 of 31
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 8 of 31
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
δαιμόνιον a devil G1140
δαιμόνιον a devil
Strong's: G1140
Word #: 9 of 31
a daemonic being; by extension a deity
ἔχεις thou hast G2192
ἔχεις thou hast
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 10 of 31
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
Ἀβραὰμ Abraham G11
Ἀβραὰμ Abraham
Strong's: G11
Word #: 11 of 31
abraham, the hebrew patriarch
ἀπέθανεν is dead G599
ἀπέθανεν is dead
Strong's: G599
Word #: 12 of 31
to die off (literally or figuratively)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 31
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 31
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προφῆται the prophets G4396
προφῆται the prophets
Strong's: G4396
Word #: 15 of 31
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 16 of 31
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
σὺ thou G4771
σὺ thou
Strong's: G4771
Word #: 17 of 31
thou
λέγεις sayest G3004
λέγεις sayest
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 18 of 31
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
Ἐάν If G1437
Ἐάν If
Strong's: G1437
Word #: 19 of 31
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
τις a man G5100
τις a man
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 20 of 31
some or any person or object
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 21 of 31
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λόγον saying G3056
λόγον saying
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 22 of 31
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
μου my G3450
μου my
Strong's: G3450
Word #: 23 of 31
of me
τηρήσῃ keep G5083
τηρήσῃ keep
Strong's: G5083
Word #: 24 of 31
to guard (from loss or injury, properly, by keeping the eye upon; and thus differing from g5442, which is properly to prevent escaping; and from g2892
οὐ G3756
οὐ
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 25 of 31
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
μὴ G3361
μὴ
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 26 of 31
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
γεύσεται he shall G1089
γεύσεται he shall
Strong's: G1089
Word #: 27 of 31
to taste; by implication, to eat; figuratively, to experience (good or ill)
θανάτου of death G2288
θανάτου of death
Strong's: G2288
Word #: 28 of 31
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
εἰς G1519
εἰς
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 29 of 31
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 30 of 31
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
αἰῶνα G165
αἰῶνα
Strong's: G165
Word #: 31 of 31
properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity (also past); by implication, the world; specially (jewish) a messianic period (present or future)

Analysis & Commentary

The religious leaders' response demonstrates spiritual blindness and willful misunderstanding. Now we know that thou hast a devil (νῦν ἐγνώκαμεν ὅτι δαιμόνιον ἔχεις/nyn egnōkamen hoti daimonion echeis)—the adverb "now" (νῦν) indicates they consider Jesus's promise of eternal life (v.51) as final proof of insanity or demonic deception. The perfect tense "we know" (ἐγνώκαμεν/egnōkamen) claims settled, certain knowledge—tragically ironic since they know nothing of spiritual reality.

Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste of death. They interpret Jesus's words with crude literalism, focusing on physical death while missing spiritual truth. "Abraham is dead" (Ἀβραὰμ ἀπέθανεν/Abraam apethanen) states the obvious—even the patriarch died (Genesis 25:8). The prophets likewise died. Yet Jesus promises believers will "never taste death" (οὐ μὴ γεύσηται θανάτου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα/ou mē geusētai thanatou eis ton aiōna)—literally "shall never, ever taste death unto the age," the strongest possible negation in Greek.

"Taste of death" (γεύσηται θανάτου/geusētai thanatou) means to experience death. Jesus promised (v.51) that believers, though they die physically, will not experience spiritual death—eternal separation from God. Physical death becomes sleep (11:11-14), a transition to fuller life. The resurrection transforms death from enemy to defeated foe (1 Corinthians 15:54-57). But His opponents, trapped in materialistic thinking, cannot grasp spiritual realities (1 Corinthians 2:14).

Historical Context

The leaders' objection reveals their earthbound perspective. Judaism in Jesus's day held diverse views on afterlife—Sadducees denied resurrection entirely (Matthew 22:23), while Pharisees affirmed bodily resurrection (Acts 23:8). Yet even believers in resurrection struggled to conceive of conquering death itself.

Abraham's death was sacred history (Genesis 25:8: "Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years"). The prophets were revered, yet all died—Moses (Deuteronomy 34:5), Elijah (taken but not exempted from eventual death's power in the curse), Isaiah (martyred according to tradition), Jeremiah (died in exile). Death seemed humanity's inescapable fate.

Jesus's promise that His words grant eternal life seemed absurd—greater than Abraham's promise, surpassing the prophets' revelation. Yet this is precisely the claim: Christ's word is God's creative word (Genesis 1:3, John 1:1-3). Just as God spoke creation into being, Jesus's word grants life to the spiritually dead (5:24-25). This offended religious sensibilities but revealed the Incarnation's stunning reality: God Himself speaks.

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