John 5:12

Authorized King James Version

Then asked they him, What man is that which said unto thee, Take up thy bed, and walk?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἠρώτησαν
asked they
to interrogate; by implication, to request
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
Τίς
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#5
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#6
τὸν
that which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ἄνθρωπος
man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#8
τὸν
that which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
εἰπών
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#10
σοι
unto thee
to thee
#11
Ἆρον
Take up
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
#12
τὸν
that which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
κράββατον
bed
a mattress
#14
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
περιπάτει
walk
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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