John 4:1

Authorized King James Version

When therefore the Lord knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ὡς
When
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ἔγνω
knew
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
Κύριος
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#6
ὅτι
how
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#7
ἤκουσαν
had heard
to hear (in various senses)
#8
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
φαρισαῖοι
the Pharisees
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
#10
ὅτι
how
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#11
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#12
πλείονας
more
more in quantity, number, or quality; also (in plural) the major portion
#13
μαθητὰς
disciples
a learner, i.e., pupil
#14
ποιεῖ
made
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
βαπτίζει
baptized
to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi
#17
than
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#18
Ἰωάννης
John
joannes (i.e., jochanan), the name of four israelites

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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