John 21:23

Authorized King James Version

Then went this saying abroad among the brethren, that that disciple should not die: yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐξῆλθεν
abroad
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
λόγος
saying
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
#5
οὗτος
this
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#6
εἰς
among
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#7
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἀδελφοὺς
G80
the brethren
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#9
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
μαθητὴς
disciple
a learner, i.e., pupil
#12
ἐκεῖνος
that
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
#13
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#14
ἀποθνῄσκει·
He shall
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#15
καὶ
yet
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#17
εἶπεν
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#18
αὐτὸν
that he
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#21
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#22
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#23
ἀποθνῄσκει·
He shall
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#24
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#25
Ἐὰν
If
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#26
αὐτὸν
that he
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#27
θέλω
I will
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
#28
μένειν
tarry
to stay (in a given place, state, relation or expectancy)
#29
ἕως
till
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
#30
ἔρχομαι
I come
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#31
τί
what
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#32
πρὸς
is that to
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#33
σέ
thee
thee

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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