John 20:14

Authorized King James Version

And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ταῦτα
thus
these things
#3
εἰποῦσα
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#4
ἐστράφη
she turned
to twist, i.e., turn quite around or reverse (literally or figuratively)
#5
εἰς
herself
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#6
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ὀπίσω
back
to the back, i.e., aback (as adverb or preposition of time or place; or as noun)
#8
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
θεωρεῖ
saw
to be a spectator of, i.e., discern, (literally, figuratively (experience) or intensively (acknowledge))
#10
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#12
ἑστῶτα
standing
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#13
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#15
ᾔδει
knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#16
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#19
ἐστιν
it was
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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