John 20:13

Authorized King James Version

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And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
λέγει She saith G3004
λέγει She saith
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 2 of 20
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐκεῖνοι they G1565
ἐκεῖνοι they
Strong's: G1565
Word #: 4 of 20
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
Γύναι Woman G1135
Γύναι Woman
Strong's: G1135
Word #: 5 of 20
a woman; specially, a wife
τί why G5101
τί why
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 6 of 20
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
κλαίεις weepest thou G2799
κλαίεις weepest thou
Strong's: G2799
Word #: 7 of 20
to sob, i.e., wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
λέγει She saith G3004
λέγει She saith
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 8 of 20
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 9 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ὅτι Because G3754
ὅτι Because
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 10 of 20
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
Ἦραν they have taken away G142
Ἦραν they have taken away
Strong's: G142
Word #: 11 of 20
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κύριόν Lord G2962
κύριόν Lord
Strong's: G2962
Word #: 13 of 20
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
μου my G3450
μου my
Strong's: G3450
Word #: 14 of 20
of me
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 15 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 16 of 20
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
οἶδα I know G1492
οἶδα I know
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 17 of 20
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
ποῦ where G4226
ποῦ where
Strong's: G4226
Word #: 18 of 20
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
ἔθηκαν they have laid G5087
ἔθηκαν they have laid
Strong's: G5087
Word #: 19 of 20
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 20 of 20
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Woman, why weepest thou? (Γύναι, τί κλαίεις; Gynai, ti klaieis)—the angels' question (v.12 identifies them) isn't insensitive but designed to shift Mary's focus from grief to recognition. The same question Jesus will ask (v.15), showing divine coordination. Because they have taken away my Lord (ὅτι ἦραν τὸν κύριόν μου, hoti ēran ton kyrion mou)—her possessive 'my Lord' reveals intimate relationship, not mere discipleship.

And I know not where they have laid him (καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν, kai ouk oida pou ethēkan auton)—her focus remains on the body's location, still assuming theft. She addresses angels as casually as gardeners, grief eclipsing wonder. The repetition from v.2 shows her obsession: all she can think about is finding the body. This single-minded devotion, though misdirected in its assumption, prepares her to recognize the Shepherd's voice (10:3-4).

Historical Context

Angelic appearances at tombs (v.12) follow OT patterns (Genesis 18, Judges 13) where divine messengers guide interpretation of events. White garments signify heavenly origin. That Mary doesn't react with fear to angels shows grief's consuming power—or suggests she doesn't yet recognize them as angels, seeing only 'two men' (Luke 24:4). Her repeated concern about the body's location reflects burial customs requiring proper treatment of the dead.

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