John 18:38

Authorized King James Version

Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
αὐτῷ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Πιλᾶτος
Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#5
Τί
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#6
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#7
ἀλήθεια
truth
truth
#8
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
τοῦτο
this
that thing
#10
εἰπὼν
when he had said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#11
πάλιν
again
(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand
#12
ἐξῆλθεν
he went out
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#13
πρὸς
unto
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#14
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
Ἰουδαίους
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#16
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#18
αὐτῷ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
Ἐγὼ
I
i, me
#20
οὐδεμίαν
no
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#21
αἰτίαν
fault
a cause (as if asked for), i.e., (logical) reason (motive, matter), (legal) crime (alleged or proved)
#22
εὑρίσκω
find
to find (literally or figuratively)
#23
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#24
αὐτῷ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing truth contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood truth. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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