Jeremiah 40:10

Authorized King James Version

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As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah to serve the Chaldeans, which will come unto us: but ye, gather ye wine, and summer fruits, and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities that ye have taken.

Original Language Analysis

וַאֲנִ֗י H589
וַאֲנִ֗י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 1 of 21
i
הִנְנִ֤י H2005
הִנְנִ֤י
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 2 of 21
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
וּשְׁב֖וּ As for me behold I will dwell H3427
וּשְׁב֖וּ As for me behold I will dwell
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 3 of 21
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בַּמִּצְפָּ֔ה at Mizpah H4709
בַּמִּצְפָּ֔ה at Mizpah
Strong's: H4709
Word #: 4 of 21
mitspah, the name of two places in palestine
לַֽעֲמֹד֙ to serve H5975
לַֽעֲמֹד֙ to serve
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 5 of 21
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
לִפְנֵ֣י H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 21
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים the Chaldeans H3778
הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים the Chaldeans
Strong's: H3778
Word #: 7 of 21
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 8 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יָבֹ֖אוּ which will come H935
יָבֹ֖אוּ which will come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 9 of 21
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֵלֵ֑ינוּ H413
אֵלֵ֑ינוּ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 10 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
וְאַתֶּ֡ם H859
וְאַתֶּ֡ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 11 of 21
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
אִסְפוּ֩ unto us but ye gather H622
אִסְפוּ֩ unto us but ye gather
Strong's: H622
Word #: 12 of 21
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
יַ֨יִן ye wine H3196
יַ֨יִן ye wine
Strong's: H3196
Word #: 13 of 21
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
וְקַ֜יִץ and summer fruits H7019
וְקַ֜יִץ and summer fruits
Strong's: H7019
Word #: 14 of 21
harvest (as the crop), whether the product (grain or fruit) or the (dry) season
וְשֶׁ֗מֶן and oil H8081
וְשֶׁ֗מֶן and oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 15 of 21
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
וְשִׂ֙מוּ֙ and put H7760
וְשִׂ֙מוּ֙ and put
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 16 of 21
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם them in your vessels H3627
בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם them in your vessels
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 17 of 21
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
וּשְׁב֖וּ As for me behold I will dwell H3427
וּשְׁב֖וּ As for me behold I will dwell
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 18 of 21
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בְּעָרֵיכֶ֥ם in your cities H5892
בְּעָרֵיכֶ֥ם in your cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 19 of 21
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 20 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תְּפַשְׂתֶּֽם׃ that ye have taken H8610
תְּפַשְׂתֶּֽם׃ that ye have taken
Strong's: H8610
Word #: 21 of 21
to manipulate, i.e., seize; chiefly to capture, wield, specifically, to overlay; figuratively, to use unwarrantably

Cross References

Jeremiah 40:12Even all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits very much.Isaiah 16:9Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen.Jeremiah 35:19Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Jonadab the son of Rechab shall not want a man to stand before me for ever.Jeremiah 48:32O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.Jeremiah 39:10But Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard left of the poor of the people, which had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them vineyards and fields at the same time.Deuteronomy 1:38But Joshua the son of Nun, which standeth before thee, he shall go in thither: encourage him: for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.2 Samuel 16:1And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine.Proverbs 22:29Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men.Jeremiah 40:6Then went Jeremiah unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizpah; and dwelt with him among the people that were left in the land.Luke 21:36Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man.

Analysis & Commentary

Gedaliah's counsel establishes the practical framework for survival under Babylonian governance: 'dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.' The verb 'serve' (abad in Hebrew) means to work for, render service to, or be subject to—the same word used for serving God, indicating that submission to Babylon's temporal authority need not compromise covenant faithfulness to Yahweh. This echoes Jeremiah's longstanding message that accepting God's disciplinary judgment through Babylon opened paths to blessing, while resistance brought further destruction. Gedaliah's promise 'it shall be well with you' (yitab lakem) uses covenantal language of blessing, showing that prosperity could exist even under foreign domination if people aligned with God's revealed purposes. His personal commitment—'As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah, to serve the Chaldeans'—modeled servant leadership, not merely commanding others while pursuing his own interests. The instruction to 'gather ye wine, and summer fruits, and oil' directed energy toward productive labor rather than political schemes, offering tangible hope through agricultural restoration. This vision of thriving through faithful labor under imperfect governance provides biblical wisdom for believers living under authorities they didn't choose and may not prefer.

Historical Context

Gedaliah's policy reflected both practical wisdom and theological insight shaped by his family's connection to Jeremiah. His grandfather Shaphan had led Josiah's reforms (2 Kings 22), and his father Ahikam protected Jeremiah from execution (Jeremiah 26:24), establishing a legacy of supporting prophetic truth regardless of popularity. The agricultural tasks he assigned—gathering wine, summer fruits (figs, dates), and olive oil—represented August-September harvest season work, suggesting this occurred soon after Jerusalem's fall in July/August 586 BC. These crops could be harvested from vineyards and orchards that survived the devastation, offering immediate sustenance. Gedaliah's approach contrasted sharply with the rebellious nationalism that had led to Jerusalem's destruction. By accepting Babylon's authority while maintaining Jewish communal life, he sought what Jeremiah had counseled in his letter to earlier exiles: 'seek the peace of the city where I have sent you into exile, and pray to the LORD on its behalf, for in its peace you will find your peace' (Jeremiah 29:7). Archaeological evidence shows Mizpah and surrounding areas did maintain agricultural production during this period, validating Gedaliah's practical strategy.

Questions for Reflection

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