James 2:23

Authorized King James Version

And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἐπληρώθη
was fulfilled
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
γραφὴ
the scripture
a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
λέγουσα
which saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#7
Ἐπίστευσεν
believed
to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e., credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to ch
#8
δὲ
but, and, etc
#9
Ἀβραὰμ
G11
Abraham
abraham, the hebrew patriarch
#10
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#12
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
ἐλογίσθη
it was imputed
to take an inventory, i.e., estimate (literally or figuratively)
#14
αὐτῷ
unto him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#15
εἰς
for
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#16
δικαιοσύνην
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#17
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#18
φίλος
the Friend
actively, fond, i.e., friendly (still as a noun, an associate, neighbor, etc.)
#19
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#20
ἐκλήθη
he was called
to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

Analysis

Within the broader context of James, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of righteousness connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about righteousness, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of James.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of James Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes righteousness in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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