Isaiah 66:3

Authorized King James Version

He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog's neck; he that offereth an oblation, as if he offered swine's blood; he that burneth incense, as if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
שׁוֹחֵ֨ט
He that killeth
to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)
#2
הַשּׁ֜וֹר
an ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#3
מַכֵּה
is as if he slew
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#4
אִ֗ישׁ
a man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#5
זוֹבֵ֤חַ
he that sacrificeth
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
#6
הַשֶּׂה֙
a lamb
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
#7
עֹ֣רֵֽף
as if he cut off
to break the neck; hence (figuratively) to destroy
#8
כֶּ֔לֶב
a dog's
a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
#9
מַעֲלֵ֤ה
he that offereth
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#10
מִנְחָה֙
an oblation
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
#11
דַּם
blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#12
חֲזִ֔יר
as if he offered swine's
a hog (perhaps as penned)
#13
מַזְכִּ֥יר
he that burneth
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
#14
לְבֹנָ֖ה
incense
frankincense (from its whiteness or perhaps that of its smoke)
#15
מְבָ֣רֵֽךְ
as if he blessed
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
#16
אָ֑וֶן
an idol
strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
#17
גַּם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#18
הֵ֗מָּה
they (only used when emphatic)
#19
בָּֽחֲרוּ֙
Yea they have chosen
properly, to try, i.e., (by implication) select
#20
בְּדַרְכֵיהֶ֔ם
their own ways
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#21
וּבְשִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם
in their abominations
disgusting, i.e., filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
#22
נַפְשָׁ֥ם
and their soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#23
חָפֵֽצָה׃
delighteth
properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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