Isaiah 52:12

Authorized King James Version

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For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the LORD will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rereward.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לֹ֤א H3808
לֹ֤א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בְחִפָּזוֹן֙ with haste H2649
בְחִפָּזוֹן֙ with haste
Strong's: H2649
Word #: 3 of 14
hasty flight
תֵּצֵ֔אוּ For ye shall not go out H3318
תֵּצֵ֔אוּ For ye shall not go out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 4 of 14
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
וּבִמְנוּסָ֖ה by flight H4499
וּבִמְנוּסָ֖ה by flight
Strong's: H4499
Word #: 5 of 14
retreat
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 6 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֹלֵ֤ךְ will go H1980
הֹלֵ֤ךְ will go
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 7 of 14
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
הֹלֵ֤ךְ will go H1980
הֹלֵ֤ךְ will go
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 9 of 14
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ before H6440
לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 10 of 14
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָ֔ה for the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה for the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 11 of 14
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וּמְאַסִּפְכֶ֖ם will be your rereward H622
וּמְאַסִּפְכֶ֖ם will be your rereward
Strong's: H622
Word #: 12 of 14
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
אֱלֹהֵ֥י you and the God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֥י you and the God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 13 of 14
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 14 of 14
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Cross References

Isaiah 58:8Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward.Deuteronomy 20:4For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.Isaiah 45:2I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron:Micah 2:13The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and the LORD on the head of them.Exodus 12:11And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD'S passover.1 Chronicles 14:15And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle: for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines.Exodus 12:33And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.Exodus 12:39And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.Judges 4:14And Deborah said unto Barak, Up; for this is the day in which the LORD hath delivered Sisera into thine hand: is not the LORD gone out before thee? So Barak went down from mount Tabor, and ten thousand men after him.

Analysis & Commentary

For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the LORD will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rereward. This verse contrasts the return from exile with the exodus from Egypt. The exodus required haste (chipazon, חִפָּזוֹן, Exodus 12:11) and flight from Pharaoh's pursuing army. The return from Babylon follows different pattern—no hurried escape but orderly procession with divine protection. "Ye shall not go out with haste" emphasizes calm, dignified departure, not desperate fleeing.

The double divine protection—"the LORD will go before you" (vanguard) and "the God of Israel will be your rereward" (rear guard)—depicts complete military encirclement for defense. Me'asiphkem (מְאַסִּפְכֶם, "your rereward") comes from 'asaph (אָסַף), meaning to gather or bring up the rear. God both scouts ahead removing obstacles and protects from behind against pursuers, ensuring total security for the journey.

From a Reformed perspective, this models Christian pilgrimage. Believers journey from bondage (sin) to inheritance (glory), protected by divine providence. Christ goes before as forerunner (Hebrews 6:20) and follows as shepherd gathering strays (John 10:4, 27-28). The promise of orderly, protected journey grounds assurance—salvation isn't desperate flight but confident procession under divine guard. Psalm 139:5 echoes this: "Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me." God's comprehensive protection enables courage, not fearful haste.

Historical Context

The contrast with Egypt's exodus highlights differences in redemptive events. Exodus 12:11, 33 describe hurried departure with Egyptians urging them out. Exodus 14 records panicked flight from Pharaoh's army. The return from Babylon follows different pattern—Cyrus's decree (Ezra 1) gave official permission and provision. No enemy pursued; instead, Persians contributed to the journey (Ezra 1:4, 6).

Ezra 8:31 confirms this: "the hand of our God was upon us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy, and of such as lay in wait by the way." The journey took months but proceeded securely. This demonstrates redemptive history's progression—God's later deliverances transcend earlier ones, culminating in Christ's work that not only delivers from bondage but ensures arrival at destination. Church history shows similar protection—though facing opposition, the gospel spreads with divine enablement, not desperate flight.

Questions for Reflection

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