Isaiah 49:23

Authorized King James Version

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And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me.

Original Language Analysis

וְהָי֨וּ H1961
וְהָי֨וּ
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 20
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
מְלָכִ֜ים And kings H4428
מְלָכִ֜ים And kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 20
a king
אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ shall be thy nursing fathers H539
אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ shall be thy nursing fathers
Strong's: H539
Word #: 3 of 20
properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanen
וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ and their queens H8282
וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ and their queens
Strong's: H8282
Word #: 4 of 20
a mistress, i.e., female noble
מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ thy nursing mothers H3243
מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ thy nursing mothers
Strong's: H3243
Word #: 5 of 20
to suck; causatively, to give milk
אַפַּ֗יִם to thee with their face H639
אַפַּ֗יִם to thee with their face
Strong's: H639
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
אֶ֚רֶץ toward the earth H776
אֶ֚רֶץ toward the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 7 of 20
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ they shall bow down H7812
יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ they shall bow down
Strong's: H7812
Word #: 8 of 20
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
לָ֔ךְ H0
לָ֔ךְ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 20
וַעֲפַ֥ר the dust H6083
וַעֲפַ֥ר the dust
Strong's: H6083
Word #: 10 of 20
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
רַגְלַ֖יִךְ of thy feet H7272
רַגְלַ֖יִךְ of thy feet
Strong's: H7272
Word #: 11 of 20
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
יְלַחֵ֑כוּ and lick up H3897
יְלַחֵ֑כוּ and lick up
Strong's: H3897
Word #: 12 of 20
to lick
וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ and thou shalt know H3045
וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ and thou shalt know
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 13 of 20
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 14 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אֲנִ֣י H589
אֲנִ֣י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 15 of 20
i
יְהוָ֔ה that I am the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה that I am the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 16 of 20
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 17 of 20
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 18 of 20
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ for they shall not be ashamed H954
יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ for they shall not be ashamed
Strong's: H954
Word #: 19 of 20
properly, to pale, i.e., by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
קוָֹֽי׃ that wait H6960
קוָֹֽי׃ that wait
Strong's: H6960
Word #: 20 of 20
to bind together (perhaps by twisting), i.e., collect; (figuratively) to expect

Cross References

Isaiah 60:16Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.Isaiah 60:3And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.Isaiah 60:14The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel.Micah 7:17They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of the LORD our God, and shall fear because of thee.Isaiah 45:14Thus saith the LORD, The labour of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God.Romans 10:11For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.Psalms 25:3Yea, let none that wait on thee be ashamed: let them be ashamed which transgress without cause.Revelation 3:9Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.Isaiah 49:7Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee.Isaiah 64:4For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him.

Analysis & Commentary

And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me. This remarkable prophecy promises royal patronage for God's people, with kings serving as omen (אֹמֵן, "nursing fathers/guardians") and queens as wet nurses. The imagery conveys tender care and provision from the highest human authorities—a reversal of typical ancient Near Eastern power dynamics where conquered peoples served royalty.

The posture of bowing with faces to the ground and "licking the dust" depicts complete submission, using hyperbolic language common in ancient diplomatic correspondence. Importantly, this homage directs not toward Israel's inherent merit but toward the LORD whom they represent. The phrase "thou shalt know that I am the LORD" (ki ani YHWH, כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה) is Yahweh's self-revelation formula, establishing His identity through redemptive action.

The concluding promise—"they shall not be ashamed that wait for me"—connects to the biblical theme that trusting God never leads to ultimate disappointment (Romans 5:5, 9:33, 10:11). From a Reformed perspective, this prophesies Christ's kingdom where earthly powers acknowledge His lordship (Philippians 2:10-11). The church's vindication comes not through political dominance but through Christ's exaltation. Those who wait on God in faith will see His promises fulfilled, however delayed they appear.

Historical Context

Historical antecedents include Persian kings supporting Israel's return: Cyrus authorized temple rebuilding, Darius confirmed it, Artaxerxes funded Ezra's mission and authorized Nehemiah's governorship. These Gentile monarchs acted as "nursing fathers" providing for God's people. Queen Esther's intervention also exemplifies royal protection.

The prophecy extends to Christian history where rulers like Constantine, Theodosius, and various Christian monarchs provided legal protection and resources for the church. However, the closer church-state alliance often led to corruption, reminding us that ultimate fulfillment awaits Christ's return when "every knee shall bow" (Isaiah 45:23, Philippians 2:10). The promise that those who wait won't be ashamed sustained Christians through centuries of persecution, vindicated by the faith's ultimate triumph.

Questions for Reflection

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