Isaiah 23:1

Authorized King James Version

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The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.

Original Language Analysis

מַשָּׂ֖א The burden H4853
מַשָּׂ֖א The burden
Strong's: H4853
Word #: 1 of 13
a burden; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
צֹ֑ר of Tyre H6865
צֹ֑ר of Tyre
Strong's: H6865
Word #: 2 of 13
tsor, a place in palestine
הֵילִ֣ילוּ׀ Howl H3213
הֵילִ֣ילוּ׀ Howl
Strong's: H3213
Word #: 3 of 13
to howl (with a wailing tone) or yell (with a boisterous one)
אֳנִיּ֣וֹת ye ships H591
אֳנִיּ֣וֹת ye ships
Strong's: H591
Word #: 4 of 13
a ship
תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tarshish H8659
תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tarshish
Strong's: H8659
Word #: 5 of 13
tarshish, a place on the mediterranean, hence, the ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); also the name of a persian and of an i
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 6 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שֻׁדַּ֤ד for it is laid waste H7703
שֻׁדַּ֤ד for it is laid waste
Strong's: H7703
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
מִבַּ֙יִת֙ so that there is no house H1004
מִבַּ֙יִת֙ so that there is no house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 8 of 13
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
מִבּ֔וֹא no entering in H935
מִבּ֔וֹא no entering in
Strong's: H935
Word #: 9 of 13
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מֵאֶ֥רֶץ from the land H776
מֵאֶ֥רֶץ from the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 10 of 13
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
כִּתִּ֖ים of Chittim H3794
כִּתִּ֖ים of Chittim
Strong's: H3794
Word #: 11 of 13
a kittite or cypriote; hence, an islander in general, i.e., the greeks or romans on the shores opposite palestine
נִגְלָה it is revealed H1540
נִגְלָה it is revealed
Strong's: H1540
Word #: 12 of 13
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
לָֽמוֹ׃ H0
לָֽמוֹ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 13 of 13

Analysis & Commentary

The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.' Tyre, ancient Phoenician maritime power and trading empire, receives judgment. The 'ships of Tarshish' (large merchant vessels, possibly named for Tartessos in Spain, representing long-distance trade) are called to mourn—Tyre's destruction ends their profitable trade. 'No house, no entering in' indicates complete destruction—no port facilities, no market, no commercial infrastructure. The news comes 'from the land of Chittim' (Cyprus, Phoenician colony), showing how interconnected the ancient trade network was. Tyre's fall affects entire Mediterranean commercial system. This demonstrates God's sovereignty over economic systems—He can dismantle even mighty trading empires. Earthly prosperity divorced from covenant faithfulness ultimately fails.

Historical Context

Tyre was ancient world's greatest commercial power—Phoenician shipping dominated Mediterranean trade for centuries. Located on island offshore (Old Tyre on mainland, New Tyre on island), it seemed impregnable. Yet Isaiah prophesies its fall. Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre for 13 years (585-572 BCE), though island portion survived. Complete fulfillment came through Alexander the Great (332 BCE), who built a causeway to the island and conquered it utterly, fulfilling Ezekiel 26's detailed prophecy. Modern archaeological site shows the causeway, now a peninsula. Tyre never regained ancient glory—a minor town today. This demonstrates that seemingly impregnable economic powers can fall when God decrees it. Modern parallels include economic empires that seemed permanent yet collapsed—divine sovereignty extends over economies and commerce.

Questions for Reflection

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