Isaiah 19:13

Authorized King James Version

PDF

The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the tribes thereof.

Original Language Analysis

נֽוֹאֲלוּ֙ are become fools H2973
נֽוֹאֲלוּ֙ are become fools
Strong's: H2973
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, to be slack, i.e., (figuratively) to be foolish
שָׂ֣רֵי The princes H8269
שָׂ֣רֵי The princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 2 of 11
a head person (of any rank or class)
צֹ֔עַן of Zoan H6814
צֹ֔עַן of Zoan
Strong's: H6814
Word #: 3 of 11
tson, a place in egypt
נִשְּׁא֖וּ are deceived H5377
נִשְּׁא֖וּ are deceived
Strong's: H5377
Word #: 4 of 11
to lead astray, i.e., (mentally) to delude, or (morally) to seduce
שָׂ֣רֵי The princes H8269
שָׂ֣רֵי The princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 5 of 11
a head person (of any rank or class)
נֹ֑ף of Noph H5297
נֹ֑ף of Noph
Strong's: H5297
Word #: 6 of 11
noph, the capital of upper egypt
הִתְע֥וּ they have also seduced H8582
הִתְע֥וּ they have also seduced
Strong's: H8582
Word #: 7 of 11
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִצְרַ֖יִם Egypt H4714
מִצְרַ֖יִם Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 9 of 11
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
פִּנַּ֥ת even they that are the stay H6438
פִּנַּ֥ת even they that are the stay
Strong's: H6438
Word #: 10 of 11
an angle; by implication, a pinnacle; figuratively, a chieftain
שְׁבָטֶֽיהָ׃ of the tribes H7626
שְׁבָטֶֽיהָ׃ of the tribes
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 11 of 11
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

Analysis & Commentary

'The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the tribes thereof.' Egypt's leaders aren't just wrong—they're fools who've been deceived and who deceive others. Noph (Memphis) was Egypt's ancient capital; its princes represent the nation's leadership core. The 'stay of the tribes' (cornerstone/support of provinces) indicates these leaders should provide stability but instead cause ruin. This describes leadership failure's catastrophic effect—when those responsible for guidance are themselves deceived, they lead entire nations astray. The progression from being deceived to deceiving others demonstrates sin's communicable nature—corrupted leaders corrupt followers. Reformed ecclesiology and political theology emphasize leaders' weighty responsibility, as their failures affect all under their influence (James 3:1).

Historical Context

Egyptian history during this period shows exactly this pattern—leaders making disastrous decisions based on false assessments. Encouraging Levantine rebellion against Assyria while unable to provide effective support was such a mistake—based on deceived understandings of Egyptian military capability and Assyrian weakness. These policies seduced smaller nations into rebellion that ended in their destruction. Egypt's leadership failure had international consequences, contributing to widespread suffering. Historical examples abound of leadership failures producing national disasters: wrong alliances, failed strategies, moral corruption at the top spreading downward. This validated Isaiah's diagnosis—Egypt's problem wasn't just external threats but internal leadership corruption deceiving the nation.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People