Isaiah 17:12

Authorized King James Version

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Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!

Original Language Analysis

ה֗וֹי Woe H1945
ה֗וֹי Woe
Strong's: H1945
Word #: 1 of 13
oh!
הֲמוֹן֙ to the multitude H1995
הֲמוֹן֙ to the multitude
Strong's: H1995
Word #: 2 of 13
a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
עַמִּ֣ים people H5971
עַמִּ֣ים people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 13
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
רַבִּ֔ים of many H7227
רַבִּ֔ים of many
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 4 of 13
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן like the noise H1993
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן like the noise
Strong's: H1993
Word #: 5 of 13
to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
יַמִּ֖ים of the seas H3220
יַמִּ֖ים of the seas
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 6 of 13
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן like the noise H1993
יֶהֱמָי֑וּן like the noise
Strong's: H1993
Word #: 7 of 13
to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
כִּשְׁא֛וֹן and to the rushing H7588
כִּשְׁא֛וֹן and to the rushing
Strong's: H7588
Word #: 8 of 13
uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
לְאֻמִּ֔ים of nations H3816
לְאֻמִּ֔ים of nations
Strong's: H3816
Word #: 9 of 13
a community
כִּשְׁא֛וֹן and to the rushing H7588
כִּשְׁא֛וֹן and to the rushing
Strong's: H7588
Word #: 10 of 13
uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
מַ֥יִם waters H4325
מַ֥יִם waters
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 11 of 13
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
כַּבִּירִ֖ים of mighty H3524
כַּבִּירִ֖ים of mighty
Strong's: H3524
Word #: 12 of 13
vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power, mighty; of time, aged), or in number, many
יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃ that make a rushing like the rushing H7582
יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃ that make a rushing like the rushing
Strong's: H7582
Word #: 13 of 13
to rush; by implication, to desolate

Analysis & Commentary

'Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!' The focus shifts to invading armies—described as roaring seas and rushing mighty waters. 'Woe' introduces judgment pronouncement. The imagery of seas and waters depicts overwhelming destructive force—armies sweeping across the land like tsunamis. Multiple nations joining together create an irresistible flood. This describes the Assyrian Empire's multi-national military machine—conscripted armies from conquered peoples creating massive forces. Yet verse 13 will show God's sovereignty over even these threatening 'waters.' This demonstrates that apparent overwhelming threats remain under divine control.

Historical Context

Assyrian military organization conscripted soldiers from conquered territories, creating vast multi-ethnic armies. Annals describe campaigns involving forces from dozens of subjugated peoples. To small nations like Israel and Judah, Assyrian armies appeared as an unstoppable flood—the metaphor wasn't hyperbole but accurate description of overwhelming force. Yet despite their apparent invincibility, Assyria itself eventually fell (612 BCE). The imagery of nations as chaotic waters appears throughout Scripture (Psalm 46:2-3; Revelation 17:15), representing humanity's tumultuous rebellious forces ultimately subject to God's sovereignty.

Questions for Reflection

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