Isaiah 17:13

Authorized King James Version

The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לְאֻמִּ֗ים
The nations
a community
#2
כִּשְׁא֞וֹן
like the rushing
uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
#3
מַ֤יִם
waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#4
רַבִּים֙
of many
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#5
יִשָּׁא֔וּן
shall rush
to rush; by implication, to desolate
#6
וְגָ֥עַר
but God shall rebuke
to chide
#7
בּ֖וֹ
H0
#8
וְנָ֣ס
them and they shall flee
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#9
מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק
far off
remoteness, i.e., (concretely) a distant place; often (adverbially) from afar
#10
וְרֻדַּ֗ף
and shall be chased
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
#11
כְּמֹ֤ץ
as the chaff
chaff (as pressed out, i.e., winnowed or (rather) threshed loose)
#12
הָרִים֙
of the mountains
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#13
לִפְנֵ֥י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#14
ר֔וּחַ
the wind
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#15
וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל
and like a rolling thing
a wheel; by analogy, a whirlwind; also dust (as whirled)
#16
לִפְנֵ֥י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#17
סוּפָֽה׃
the whirlwind
a hurricane

Analysis

Within the broader context of Isaiah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Isaiah.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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