Isaiah 17:13

Authorized King James Version

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The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.

Original Language Analysis

לְאֻמִּ֗ים The nations H3816
לְאֻמִּ֗ים The nations
Strong's: H3816
Word #: 1 of 17
a community
כִּשְׁא֞וֹן like the rushing H7588
כִּשְׁא֞וֹן like the rushing
Strong's: H7588
Word #: 2 of 17
uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
מַ֤יִם waters H4325
מַ֤יִם waters
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 3 of 17
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
רַבִּים֙ of many H7227
רַבִּים֙ of many
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 4 of 17
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
יִשָּׁא֔וּן shall rush H7582
יִשָּׁא֔וּן shall rush
Strong's: H7582
Word #: 5 of 17
to rush; by implication, to desolate
וְגָ֥עַר but God shall rebuke H1605
וְגָ֥עַר but God shall rebuke
Strong's: H1605
Word #: 6 of 17
to chide
בּ֖וֹ H0
בּ֖וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 17
וְנָ֣ס them and they shall flee H5127
וְנָ֣ס them and they shall flee
Strong's: H5127
Word #: 8 of 17
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק far off H4801
מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק far off
Strong's: H4801
Word #: 9 of 17
remoteness, i.e., (concretely) a distant place; often (adverbially) from afar
וְרֻדַּ֗ף and shall be chased H7291
וְרֻדַּ֗ף and shall be chased
Strong's: H7291
Word #: 10 of 17
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
כְּמֹ֤ץ as the chaff H4671
כְּמֹ֤ץ as the chaff
Strong's: H4671
Word #: 11 of 17
chaff (as pressed out, i.e., winnowed or (rather) threshed loose)
הָרִים֙ of the mountains H2022
הָרִים֙ of the mountains
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 12 of 17
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
לִפְנֵ֥י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 13 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
ר֔וּחַ the wind H7307
ר֔וּחַ the wind
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 14 of 17
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל and like a rolling thing H1534
וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל and like a rolling thing
Strong's: H1534
Word #: 15 of 17
a wheel; by analogy, a whirlwind; also dust (as whirled)
לִפְנֵ֥י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 16 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
סוּפָֽה׃ the whirlwind H5492
סוּפָֽה׃ the whirlwind
Strong's: H5492
Word #: 17 of 17
a hurricane

Analysis & Commentary

'The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.' Despite nations' terrifying power (rushing waters), God rebukes them and they flee. The verb 'rebuke' (gaar) indicates authoritative command silencing opposition. Invincible armies become 'chaff'—worthless husks blown away effortlessly. The imagery shifts from overwhelming flood to insignificant debris scattered by wind. This dramatic reversal demonstrates God's absolute sovereignty—what seems unstoppable to humans is nothing before divine power. The fulfillment came in 701 BCE when Assyria besieged Jerusalem but God destroyed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers in one night (Isaiah 37:36).

Historical Context

The prophecy's fulfillment came during Sennacherib's 701 BCE siege of Jerusalem. After conquering 46 fortified cities in Judah, Assyria surrounded Jerusalem demanding surrender. Hezekiah prayed, Isaiah prophesied deliverance, and God's angel killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers overnight. Sennacherib fled, later assassinated by his sons (Isaiah 37:36-38). His own annals confirm the campaign but notably omit conquering Jerusalem, mentioning only shutting Hezekiah 'like a caged bird'—tacit admission of failure. This miraculous deliverance demonstrated God's power over seemingly invincible empires, validating Isaiah's prophecies and Reformed theology's emphasis on divine sovereignty.

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