Psalms 18:4

Authorized King James Version

The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֲפָפ֥וּנִי
compassed
to surround
#2
חֶבְלֵי
The sorrows
ruin
#3
מָ֑וֶת
of death
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
#4
וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י
me and the floods
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#5
בְלִיַּ֣עַל
of ungodly men
without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
#6
יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃
made me afraid
to fear

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection