Psalms 18:4

Authorized King James Version

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The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid.

Original Language Analysis

אֲפָפ֥וּנִי compassed H661
אֲפָפ֥וּנִי compassed
Strong's: H661
Word #: 1 of 6
to surround
חֶבְלֵי The sorrows H2256
חֶבְלֵי The sorrows
Strong's: H2256
Word #: 2 of 6
ruin
מָ֑וֶת of death H4194
מָ֑וֶת of death
Strong's: H4194
Word #: 3 of 6
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י me and the floods H5158
וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י me and the floods
Strong's: H5158
Word #: 4 of 6
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
בְלִיַּ֣עַל of ungodly men H1100
בְלִיַּ֣עַל of ungodly men
Strong's: H1100
Word #: 5 of 6
without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ made me afraid H1204
יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ made me afraid
Strong's: H1204
Word #: 6 of 6
to fear

Analysis & Commentary

The 'cords of death' entangled David—Hebrew 'chebel' (ropes/snares) suggests being bound for execution. The 'torrents of destruction' ('beliyaal'—worthlessness/chaos) overwhelmed him. This vivid imagery portrays mortal danger and spiritual attack. It anticipates Christ's suffering where death's cords literally bound Him, yet He broke them in resurrection (Acts 2:24). Reformed theology sees death as the curse of sin that Christ defeated.

Historical Context

Reflects multiple occasions when David faced imminent death, from Saul's pursuit to Philistine threats to Absalom's rebellion—death seemed inevitable without divine intervention.

Questions for Reflection