Isaiah 17:10

Authorized King James Version

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Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips:

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֤י H3588
כִּ֤י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 16
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שָׁכַ֙חַתְּ֙ Because thou hast forgotten H7911
שָׁכַ֙חַתְּ֙ Because thou hast forgotten
Strong's: H7911
Word #: 2 of 16
to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
אֱלֹהֵ֣י the God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֣י the God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 3 of 16
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ of thy salvation H3468
יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ of thy salvation
Strong's: H3468
Word #: 4 of 16
liberty, deliverance, prosperity
וְצ֥וּר of the rock H6697
וְצ֥וּר of the rock
Strong's: H6697
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous)
מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְ of thy strength H4581
מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְ of thy strength
Strong's: H4581
Word #: 6 of 16
a fortified place; figuratively, a defense
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 7 of 16
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
זָכָ֑רְתְּ and hast not been mindful H2142
זָכָ֑רְתְּ and hast not been mindful
Strong's: H2142
Word #: 8 of 16
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 16
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כֵּ֗ן H3651
כֵּ֗ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 10 of 16
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
תִּטְּעִי֙ therefore shalt thou plant H5193
תִּטְּעִי֙ therefore shalt thou plant
Strong's: H5193
Word #: 11 of 16
properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
נִטְעֵ֣י plants H5194
נִטְעֵ֣י plants
Strong's: H5194
Word #: 12 of 16
a plant; collectively, a plantation; abstractly, a planting
נַעֲמָנִ֔ים pleasant H5282
נַעֲמָנִ֔ים pleasant
Strong's: H5282
Word #: 13 of 16
pleasantness (plural as concrete)
וּזְמֹ֥רַת slips H2156
וּזְמֹ֥רַת slips
Strong's: H2156
Word #: 14 of 16
a twig (as pruned)
זָ֖ר it with strange H2114
זָ֖ר it with strange
Strong's: H2114
Word #: 15 of 16
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּ׃ and shalt set H2232
תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּ׃ and shalt set
Strong's: H2232
Word #: 16 of 16
to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify

Analysis & Commentary

'Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips.' The indictment is clear: forgetting God despite His salvation. The title 'God of thy salvation' recalls exodus deliverance—Israel forgot their Redeemer. 'Rock of thy strength' emphasizes God as foundation, refuge, source of security. Yet they plant 'pleasant plants' and 'strange slips' (foreign vine cuttings)—likely referring to fertility cult practices involving sacred gardens and foreign religious practices. They cultivate beautiful but spiritually deadly imports rather than trusting their Rock. This illustrates the exchange of glory (true God) for worthless idols (Romans 1:23).

Historical Context

Archaeological evidence reveals widespread syncretism in pre-exilic Israel, including cultic gardens associated with fertility worship. The 'pleasant plants' and 'strange slips' likely refer to gardens dedicated to Adonis or other dying-and-rising vegetation deities popular in Syria-Palestine. These involved ritualized planting and mourning in supposed fertility magic. Jeremiah and Ezekiel also condemn such practices. The irony is profound: seeking agricultural prosperity through fertility cults while forgetting the God who controls rain, seasons, and harvests. Israel exchanged the substance (true God) for shadows (ineffective rituals).

Questions for Reflection

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