Hosea 4:15

Authorized King James Version

Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Beth-aven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#2
זֹנֶ֤ה
play the harlot
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (
#3
אַתָּה֙
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#4
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
Though thou Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#5
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#6
יֶאְשַׁ֖ם
offend
to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
#7
יְהוּדָ֑ה
yet let not Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#8
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#9
תָּבֹ֣אוּ
and come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#10
הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל
not ye unto Gilgal
gilgal, the name of three places in palestine
#11
וְאַֽל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#12
תַּעֲלוּ֙
neither go ye up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#13
בֵּ֣ית
H0
#14
אָ֔וֶן
to Bethaven
beth-aven, a place in palestine
#15
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#16
תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ
nor swear
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
#17
חַי
liveth
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#18
יְהוָֽה׃
The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection