Hosea 4:12

Authorized King James Version

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My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God.

Original Language Analysis

עַמִּי֙ My people H5971
עַמִּי֙ My people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 1 of 13
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בְּעֵצ֣וֹ counsel at their stocks H6086
בְּעֵצ֣וֹ counsel at their stocks
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 2 of 13
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
יִשְׁאָ֔ל ask H7592
יִשְׁאָ֔ל ask
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 3 of 13
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
וּמַקְל֖וֹ and their staff H4731
וּמַקְל֖וֹ and their staff
Strong's: H4731
Word #: 4 of 13
a shoot, i.e., stick (with leaves on, or for walking, striking, guiding, divining)
יַגִּ֣יד declareth H5046
יַגִּ֣יד declareth
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 5 of 13
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
ל֑וֹ H0
ל֑וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 6 of 13
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 7 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
ר֤וּחַ unto them for the spirit H7307
ר֤וּחַ unto them for the spirit
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 8 of 13
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
זְנוּנִים֙ of whoredoms H2183
זְנוּנִים֙ of whoredoms
Strong's: H2183
Word #: 9 of 13
adultery; figuratively, idolatry
הִתְעָ֔ה hath caused them to err H8582
הִתְעָ֔ה hath caused them to err
Strong's: H8582
Word #: 10 of 13
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
וַיִּזְנ֖וּ and they have gone a whoring H2181
וַיִּזְנ֖וּ and they have gone a whoring
Strong's: H2181
Word #: 11 of 13
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (
מִתַּ֥חַת H8478
מִתַּ֥חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 12 of 13
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ from under their God H430
אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ from under their God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 13 of 13
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

Analysis & Commentary

Divination and idolatry: 'My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God.' The irony is devastating: God's people consult wooden idols ('stocks,' עֵץ, ets—literally 'wood/tree') and staffs (מַקֵּל, maqqel—divination rod) instead of the living God. This refers to practices like belomancy (divination by arrows/rods, Ezekiel 21:21). The 'spirit of whoredoms' (רוּחַ זְנוּנִים, ruach zenunim) indicates demonic deception or disposition toward spiritual adultery. The phrase 'gone a whoring from under their God' (זָנוּ מִתַּחַת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם, zanu mittachat Eloheihem) uses 'under' to suggest covenant headship/authority—they've abandoned God's rightful lordship. This prefigures Jesus's warning against idolatry: 'No man can serve two masters' (Matthew 6:24). Only the Spirit of truth liberates from deceptive spirits (John 16:13).

Historical Context

Divination practices forbidden in Torah (Deuteronomy 18:9-14) were prevalent in Canaanite religion and ancient Near East broadly. Consulting wooden objects (possibly Asherah poles or teraphim household gods) and using divination rods were common pagan practices. Israel's adoption of these methods demonstrated total spiritual confusion—the people who possessed prophets and priests were consulting mute wood. This parallels Paul's description in Romans 1:22-23: claiming wisdom, they became fools, worshiping created things rather than Creator. The northern kingdom's syncretistic worship had progressed from mixing YHWH worship with pagan elements to fully pagan practices replacing covenant faith.

Questions for Reflection