Deuteronomy 31:16

Authorized King James Version

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יְהוָה֙
And the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
unto Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#5
הִנְּךָ֥
lo!
#6
שֹׁכֵ֖ב
Behold thou shalt sleep
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
#7
עִם
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#8
אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ
H1
with thy fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#9
וְקָם֩
will rise up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#10
הָעָ֨ם
and this people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#11
הַזֶּ֜ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#12
וְזָנָ֣ה׀
and go a whoring
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (
#13
אַֽחֲרֵ֣י׀
after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#14
אֱלֹהֵ֣י
the gods
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#15
נֵֽכַר
of the strangers
foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom
#16
הָאָ֗רֶץ
of the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#17
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#18
ה֤וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#19
בָא
whither they go
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#20
שָׁ֙מָּה֙
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#21
בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ
to be among
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
#22
וַֽעֲזָבַ֕נִי
them and will forsake
to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc
#23
וְהֵפֵר֙
me and break
to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate
#24
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#25
בְּרִיתִ֔י
my covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#26
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#27
כָּרַ֖תִּי
which I have made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#28
אִתּֽוֹ׃
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

Analysis

This verse develops the covenant theme central to Deuteronomy. The concept of covenant reflects the development of covenant within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Study Resources