Ezekiel 16:15

Authorized King James Version

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But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was.

Original Language Analysis

וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י But thou didst trust H982
וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י But thou didst trust
Strong's: H982
Word #: 1 of 13
properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ in thine own beauty H3308
בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ in thine own beauty
Strong's: H3308
Word #: 2 of 13
beauty
וַתִּזְנִ֖י and playedst the harlot H2181
וַתִּזְנִ֖י and playedst the harlot
Strong's: H2181
Word #: 3 of 13
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 13
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שְׁמֵ֑ךְ because of thy renown H8034
שְׁמֵ֑ךְ because of thy renown
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 5 of 13
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י and pouredst out H8210
וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י and pouredst out
Strong's: H8210
Word #: 6 of 13
to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e., to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ thy fornications H8457
תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ thy fornications
Strong's: H8457
Word #: 8 of 13
harlotry, i.e., (figuratively) idolatry
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 13
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 13
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עוֹבֵ֖ר on every one that passed by H5674
עוֹבֵ֖ר on every one that passed by
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 11 of 13
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
לוֹ H0
לוֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 13
יֶֽהִי׃ H1961
יֶֽהִי׃
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 13
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Cross References

Analysis & Commentary

But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was. The allegory shifts dramatically from God grace to Israel unfaithfulness. The verse describes spiritual adultery—using God gifts for idolatry and alliances with pagan nations, betraying the exclusive covenant relationship.

But thou didst trust in thine own beauty marks the fatal turn. Instead of trusting God who gave the beauty, Israel trusted the gift itself. This is the essence of idolatry: making ultimate what should be penultimate, trusting creation over Creator. Their confidence shifted from God faithfulness to their own status and strength.

Playedst the harlot because of thy renown uses prostitution metaphor for idolatry. Rather than remaining faithful to covenant husband (God), Israel used her fame to attract other lovers (foreign gods and nations). Pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by indicates promiscuous, indiscriminate spiritual adultery with any and all available partners. His it was means she became possession of her lovers rather than God.

From Reformed perspective, this demonstrates how quickly human hearts turn from grace to works, from God to idols. Receiving blessing produces not gratitude but pride, not faithfulness but wandering. This shows the comprehensive depth of human sin and the miracle that any remain faithful apart from sovereign grace.

Historical Context

This allegory reflects historical reality. After Solomon death, Israel repeatedly formed alliances with pagan nations (Egypt, Assyria, Babylon) and adopted their religious practices. Rather than trusting Yahweh for security, they trusted political maneuvering and military alliances, inevitably adopting allies gods as part of treaty relationships.

The prophets consistently condemned this pattern (Isaiah 30:1-3, 31:1-3, Jeremiah 2:18, 36-37, Hosea 5:13, 7:11, 8:9). Each alliance required religious accommodation—honoring allies deities, building their shrines, participating in their cults. Political prostitution led to spiritual prostitution.

Archaeological evidence confirms widespread syncretism during monarchy period. Figurines of foreign goddesses appear in Israelite sites; high places for Baal worship proliferated; even the Jerusalem temple was defiled with idols during various reigns (2 Kings 21:7, 23:4-12).

The metaphor of trusting in own beauty captures the pride that led to these alliances. Israel believed her status, wealth, and strategic location made her desirable ally. She leveraged what God gave for political advantage, forgetting that security came from covenant obedience, not diplomatic maneuvering.

Questions for Reflection

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