Hebrews 2:15
And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
The author of Hebrews wrote to first-century Jewish Christians (likely AD 60s) facing severe persecution, possibly in Rome or Jerusalem. Death was not an abstract theological concept but an immediate threat—believers faced execution, mob violence, and social ostracism that could lead to economic ruin and starvation.
In the Greco-Roman world, death-fear pervaded both philosophy and religion. Ancient writers like Lucretius argued that fear of death and divine judgment poisoned all human happiness. Mystery religions promised initiates deliverance from death's terrors through secret rites. Epicurean philosophy taught that death meant annihilation—no afterlife, no judgment—attempting to relieve fear through materialistic determinism. Stoicism counseled resigned acceptance of fate.
For Jews, death represented separation from God and exclusion from covenant blessings. While later Judaism developed clearer resurrection hope, many first-century Jews remained uncertain about afterlife. Christ's resurrection provided unprecedented assurance, transforming death from humanity's ultimate enemy into the believer's entrance to eternal life. The first Christians' willingness to face martyrdom rather than deny Christ demonstrated this revolutionary liberation from death-fear, shocking both Jewish and Gentile observers.
Questions for Reflection
- How does fear of death subtly enslave people today, affecting decisions about career, relationships, and faith?
- In what specific ways did Christ's death and resurrection destroy the devil's power over death?
- How should deliverance from death-fear transform how believers approach suffering, risk, and sacrifice for the gospel?
- What does it mean practically to live free from death's bondage while still experiencing grief and the pain of mortality?
- How can the church today demonstrate to a death-fearing world the freedom and hope found in Christ's victory over death?
Analysis & Commentary
And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. This verse unveils one of Christ's primary accomplishments through His death and resurrection: liberating humanity from the tyranny of death-fear. The Greek word apallaxē (ἀπαλλάξῃ, "deliver") means to completely release or set free from bondage. The definite article with "fear" (phobou, φόβου) indicates not occasional anxiety but the pervasive, persistent dread that enslaves humanity.
The phrase "all their lifetime" (dia pantos tou zēn, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν) emphasizes the comprehensive scope of this bondage—from birth to death, fear of mortality shadows human existence. The word douleias (δουλείας, "bondage") describes the condition of slavery, suggesting that death-fear doesn't merely trouble people but actually masters and controls them, dictating decisions, priorities, and behaviors.
Christ's deliverance comes through His own death (v. 14), where He destroyed (katargeō, render powerless) him who holds death's power—the devil. By experiencing death fully and conquering it through resurrection, Jesus transforms death from a terrifying enemy into a defeated foe and gateway to glory. This liberation enables believers to live courageously, sacrificially, and eternally focused, no longer enslaved to self-preservation or existential dread.