Psalms 55:4

Authorized King James Version

My heart is sore pained within me: and the terrors of death are fallen upon me.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לִ֭בִּי
My heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#2
יָחִ֣יל
is sore pained
properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi
#3
בְּקִרְבִּ֑י
within
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
#4
וְאֵימ֥וֹת
me and the terrors
fright; concrete, an idol (as a bugbear)
#5
מָ֝֗וֶת
of death
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
#6
נָפְל֥וּ
are fallen
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#7
עָלָֽי׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection