Genesis 38:20

Authorized King James Version

And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח
sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#2
יְהוּדָ֜ה
And Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
גְּדִ֣י
the kid
a young goat (from browsing)
#5
הָֽעִזִּ֗ים
a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)
#6
מִיַּ֣ד
by the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#7
רֵעֵ֣הוּ
of his friend
an associate (more or less close)
#8
הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י
the Adullamite
an adullamite or native of adullam
#9
לָקַ֥חַת
to receive
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#10
הָעֵֽרָב֖וֹן
his pledge
a pawn (given as security)
#11
מִיַּ֣ד
by the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#12
הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה
from the woman's
a woman
#13
וְלֹ֖א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#14
מְצָאָֽהּ׃
but he found her
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of covenant within the theological tradition of Genesis Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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