Genesis 2:12

Authorized King James Version

And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּֽזֲהַ֛ב
And the gold
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
#2
הָאָ֥רֶץ
land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#3
הַהִ֖וא
of that
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#4
ט֑וֹב
is good
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
#5
שָׁ֥ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#6
הַבְּדֹ֖לַח
there is bdellium
something in pieces, i.e., bdellium, a (fragrant) gum (perhaps amber); others a pearl
#7
וְאֶ֥בֶן
H68
stone
a stone
#8
הַשֹּֽׁהַם׃
and the onyx
a gem, probably the beryl (from its pale green color)

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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