Genesis 18:19

Authorized King James Version

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For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 25
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יְדַעְתִּ֗יו For I know H3045
יְדַעְתִּ֗יו For I know
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 2 of 25
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
לְמַעַן֩ H4616
לְמַעַן֩
Strong's: H4616
Word #: 3 of 25
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
אֲשֶׁר him that H834
אֲשֶׁר him that
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יְצַוֶּ֜ה he will command H6680
יְצַוֶּ֜ה he will command
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 5 of 25
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בָּנָ֤יו his children H1121
בָּנָ֤יו his children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 7 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בֵּיתוֹ֙ and his household H1004
בֵּיתוֹ֙ and his household
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 9 of 25
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אַֽחֲרָ֔יו after him H310
אַֽחֲרָ֔יו after him
Strong's: H310
Word #: 10 of 25
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ and they shall keep H8104
וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ and they shall keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 11 of 25
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
דֶּ֣רֶךְ the way H1870
דֶּ֣רֶךְ the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 12 of 25
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 25
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת to do H6213
לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת to do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 14 of 25
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
צְדָקָ֖ה justice H6666
צְדָקָ֖ה justice
Strong's: H6666
Word #: 15 of 25
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט and judgment H4941
וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט and judgment
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 16 of 25
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
לְמַ֗עַן H4616
לְמַ֗עַן
Strong's: H4616
Word #: 17 of 25
properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
הָבִ֤יא may bring H935
הָבִ֤יא may bring
Strong's: H935
Word #: 18 of 25
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 19 of 25
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 25
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אַבְרָהָ֔ם upon Abraham H85
אַבְרָהָ֔ם upon Abraham
Strong's: H85
Word #: 21 of 25
abraham, the later name of abram
אֵ֥ת H853
אֵ֥ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשֶׁר him that H834
אֲשֶׁר him that
Strong's: H834
Word #: 23 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
דִּבֶּ֖ר that which he hath spoken H1696
דִּבֶּ֖ר that which he hath spoken
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 24 of 25
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
עָלָֽיו׃ H5921
עָלָֽיו׃
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 25 of 25
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Cross References

2 Timothy 3:15And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.Ephesians 6:4And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.Proverbs 22:6Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it.1 Chronicles 28:9And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever.1 Timothy 3:12Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.Deuteronomy 32:46And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law.Joshua 24:15And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.Psalms 34:15The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, and his ears are open unto their cry.Psalms 11:4The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD'S throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men.Job 1:5And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.

Analysis & Commentary

For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep t... This passage is part of the Abrahamic narratives which shift from universal human history to God's particular covenant people. The Abraham cycle (Genesis 12-25) demonstrates God's sovereign election, covenant faithfulness, and the development of faith through testing and promise fulfillment.

Central themes include God's unconditional covenant promises (land, descendants, blessing to nations), the call to faith and obedience, the testing of faith through delays and impossibilities, the contrast between divine promises and human schemes, and God's gracious persistence despite human failures. Abraham emerges as the father of faith whose trust in God's promises becomes the model for all believers (Romans 4, Galatians 3, Hebrews 11).

Theologically, these narratives establish:

  1. salvation by grace through faith rather than works
  2. covenant as God's gracious initiative binding Himself to His people
  3. the necessity of patient trust when promises seem impossible
  4. the consequences of attempting to fulfill God's promises through human effort
  5. the pattern of divine testing producing mature faith.

The Abraham cycle foreshadows Christ as the ultimate seed through whom blessing extends to all nations (Galatians 3:16).

Historical Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Questions for Reflection

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